After today, you will be able to…

1. After today, you will be able to… • Write structural formulas and dot formulas for covalently bonded molecules • Identify shared and unshared electrons • Explain the difference between single, double, and triple bonds - and write them using structural formulas/dot formulas

2. Day 3 - Notes Unit 4: Chemical Bonding Covalent Bonding Basics

3. Covalent Bonding A sharing of electrons. • A single covalent bond is made up of two electrons • One electron is donated to the bond from each atom • Covalent bonding occurs between nonmetals only • Atoms that are covalently bonded are called molecules or molecular compounds.

4. Properties of Molecular Compounds • Covalent bonds are much weaker than ionic bonds • Much lower melting and boiling points • Is a solid, liquid, or gas at room temperature • Non-conductors in any state

5. Properties of Molecular Compounds The chemical formula for a covalently bonded group of atoms is called a molecular formula. • Indicates the exact makeup of one molecule. • Example: C6H12O6

6. 4 1 5 7 6 1 4 3 1 2 1 4 3 2 1

7. Example: Write the dot and structural formula for: H2 H H Rough Copy (Work): Dot Formula: Lewis Structural Formula: H H H H Single bond: A shared pair of two electrons.

8. Example: Write the dot and structural formula for: O2 O O Rough Copy (Work): Dot Formula: Lewis Structural Formula: O O O O Unshared pair of electrons Double bond: Two shared pairs of four electrons.

9. Example: Write the dot and structural formula for: N2 N N Rough Copy (Work): Dot Formula: Lewis Structural Formula: N N N N Triple bond: Three shared pairs of six electrons.

10. Example: Write the dot and structural formula for: H2O O H O O Rough Copy (Work): Helpful tip: Put the atom in the middle that wants to make the most bonds! H H Dot Formula: Lewis Structural Formula: H H H

11. Example: Write the dot and structural formula for: ONF N F O O O F F N N Rough Copy (Work): Dot Formula: Lewis Structural Formula: