Chapter 9 Section 1 The Rise of Industry

1. Chapter 9Section 1The Rise of Industry

2. Industrialization • Industrial Revolution begins in early 1800s but rapidly expands after Civil War • By the early 1900s, Americans had transformed the United States into the worlds leading industrial nation • Gross National Product (GNP) – the total value of all goods and services produced by a country • GNP was 8 times greater than it had been when the CivilWar ended

3. Natural Resources • Natural resources contribute to U.S.’s industrial success • This meant the US did not have to buy them from other countries • Even before the invention of the automobile, petroleum was in high demand because it could be turned into kerosene • The American oil industry was built on the demand for Kerosene

4. Natural Resources • Edwin Drake – drilled the first oil well in 1859 near Titusville, PA • By 1900 oil fields from PA to TX had been opened • As oil production rose, it fueled economic expansion

5. A Large Workforce • Population triples between 1860-1910, adding to workforce • Population growth stemmed from 2 causes – 1. large families and 2. flood of immigrants • 20 million people immigrate to U.S. between 1860 and 1900

6. Question 1 • How did the oil production affect the American Economy? • Fueled economic expansion

7. Free Enterprise • Laissez-faire embraced by Americans • A French phrase meaning “let people do as they choose.” • “Hands off approach to business” • Supporters believed that government should not interfere in the economy other than to protect private property rights and maintain peace • Relies on the idea of supply and demand, not government regulations of prices and wages

8. Government’s Role in Industrialization • Laissez-faire economics practiced • Struggle between Northeastern & Southern states • US raised tariffs against foreign goods • Morrill Tariff – reversed years of declining tariffs • Hurts farmers the most, ironically this helped speed up industrialization • Farmers left rural America and moved to the cities to take jobs in factories

9. New Inventions • 1865: no electric lighting, ice was expensive, mail took weeks to get from east to west • New inventions led to the founding of new corporations, which produced new wealth and new jobs • Between 1860-1890 Patent and Trademark Office issued 500,000 patents for inventions

10. Advances in Communications • Telegraph: perfected by Samuel F.B. Morse • Morse code – short impulses to represent letters of the alphabet • Telephone: Alexander Graham Bell, 1874 • By 1877 Bell and others organized Bell Telephone Co. – which eventfully became AT&T • By 1900 1.5 million telephones in use

11. Electric Power • Thomas A. Edison • Perhaps most famous inventor of the late 1800s • “Wizard of Menlo Park”, inventor of phonograph, electric lighting, electric generator • 1882 -Transformed American society by supplying electric power to customers in NYC • 1889 – Edison General Electric Company • GE

12. Electric Power • Thaddeus Lowe - invented the ice machine, the basis of the refrigerator. • This lead to the development of a refrigerated railroad car in 1877 • Created new jobs, reduce food spoilage and risk of disease from food poisoning

13. Inventions Continue • Bessemer Process – made it easier and cheaper to remove impurities from iron to make steel • Allowed for construction of new buildings • Brooklyn Bridge – designed by John A. Roebling: Longest bridge in the world

14. Question • How did the use of electric power affect the economic development of the United States? • Revolutionized business by opening up entirely new markets for inventions and goods to sell