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Formation of Western Europe The High Middle Ages 1100 A.D. – 1500 A.D.

Formation of Western Europe The High Middle Ages 1100 A.D. – 1500 A.D. Chapter 14. I. Church Reform and the Crusades. Catholic Church Reforms Pope & Monks at Cluny fight corruption Religious schools built Franciscan & Dominican Orders Gothic Cathedrals & Art

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Formation of Western Europe The High Middle Ages 1100 A.D. – 1500 A.D.

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  1. Formation of Western Europe The High Middle Ages 1100 A.D. – 1500 A.D. Chapter 14

  2. I. Church Reform and the Crusades • Catholic Church Reforms • Pope & Monks at Cluny fight corruption • Religious schools built • Franciscan & Dominican Orders • Gothic Cathedrals & Art • Evidence of Church’s wealth

  3. The Crusades • 4 to 8 Religious holy wars between Christians and Muslims (1096 – 1492) • Pope wants to reunite Christianity • Knights go for Gold, Glory, & God • Goal is to take Holy Land from Muslims • Reconquista: Christian Kingdoms drive Muslims out of Spain (1100 & 1492) • Inquisition: Church in Spain persecutes suspected Jews.

  4. Effect of the Crusades • Europe emerges from Dark Ages • Muslim science brought to Europe • Ancient Texts rediscovered by West • Italian Cities get rich from trade • European kings gain power • Constantinople weakened (1204) • Muslims embittered.

  5. Europe, 1142

  6. Siege of Antioch, First Crusade

  7. II. Trade, Towns, and Financial Revolution • Population Grows: Warmer weather, horsepower, three-field system • Trade & Finance Expand: Crusades encouraged trade & travel • Guilds: Artisans form unions • Banking prospers (Jews) • Towns & cities Grow • Universities: -Vernacular literature -Thomas Aquinas fuses Aristotle w/ Christianity

  8. III. England & France Develop • England Absorbs Invasions Vikings & English blend, Normans conquer in 1066 • Feudalism introduced by William I • English Govt.: becomes more democratic • Jury trials • Magna Carta (1215) limits the King • Parliament (becomes legislature later) • France: becomes more absolutist • Capetian Dynasty unites France • Estates-General (becomes legislature later)

  9. 1300s – 1400s = Age of Crisis A. The Great Schism – Catholic Church divided in 1300’s, two popes, reunited under one pope in 1417 B. The Black Plague, 25 million people dead in Europe 1347 -1351 C. The Hundred Years’ War – England vs. France (1337-1453), 1429 – Joan of Arc, peasant girl helps France win war, Eng & Fra become nations. D. Constantinople falls to the Ottoman Turks in 1453

  10. Priest Blesses Victims of the Plague

  11. Joan of Arc

  12. Europe, 1328

  13. Europe, 1430’s

  14. Europe, 1470’s

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