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Soviet Communism

Soviet Communism. A rejection of liberalism. Russian Revolution Introduction. “Read Handout”. WORLD WAR I. “THE WAR TO END ALL WARS”. A backdrop for the revolution. Statistics. World War One included: 3 Continents 31 Countries 65 Million Soldiers 37 Million Casualties

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Soviet Communism

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  1. Soviet Communism A rejection of liberalism

  2. Russian Revolution Introduction “Read Handout”

  3. WORLD WAR I “THE WAR TO END ALL WARS” A backdrop for the revolution

  4. Statistics • World War One included: • 3 Continents • 31 Countries • 65 Million Soldiers • 37 Million Casualties • 91,198 Deaths by Gas • 6,395 Allied and Neutral Ships Lost • $186.3 Billion Financial Losses

  5. Causes of WWI Some Causes Include: • Industrial Revolution • Alliances • Triple Alliance • Germany, Aus.-Hun., Italy • Triple Entente • Russia, France, Great Britain,

  6. Countries Involved • Central Countries • Austria-Hungary • Germany • Ottoman Empire • Bulgaria • Greece • China • U.S. • Cuba • Nicaragua • Brazil • Siam • Costa Rica • Guatemala • Haiti • Honduras • Serbia • Russia • France • Belgium • Great Britain • Liberia • Japan • Montenegro • Italy • San Marino • Portugal • Romania Allied Countries • Countries that only cut off trade • Bolivia • Ecuador • Peru • Uruguay That ShouldAdd Up To 31 Countries

  7. Archduke Ferdinand Immediate Cause Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand by GavriloPrincip, June 28th, 1914. Sweet, sweet Mustache!

  8. Immediate Cause Yikes! Archduke Ferdinand was next in line rule the country of Austria-Hungry

  9. Re-enactment! Ouch! Watch out Ferdinand!

  10. Escalation After the Archduke was killed, a series of events was set in motion, to change the world. • A-H (Austria-Hungary) declared war on Serbia. • Russia mobilized to aid Serbia. • Germany aids A-H, declares war on Russia. • France mobilizes to aid Russia. • Germany declares war on France. • Germany invades Belgium. • Italy leaves alliance with Germany and A-H • UK (United Kingdom) declares war on Germany. • OE (Ottoman Empire) mobilizes to aid Germany and A-H. • Italy joins France, UK, and Russia. • Bulgaria joins OE, Germany, and A-H.

  11. The Western Front was between France and Germany The Italian Front was between Aus.-Hun. and Italy The Eastern Front was between Russia and Germany Germany wanted to avoid fighting on more than one front. Fighting Fronts

  12. Deadly Fighting On Both Sides

  13. End Results Millions Killed

  14. 1917 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mMGrIwLj7gU

  15. Communism • Marx believed that people could, through revolution, move towards communism – classless society where all people share in the production of goods. NO GOVERNMENT IS NEEDED

  16. Key Ideas from communist theory in the 20th Century

  17. The Russian Revolution Part 1:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mMGrIwLj7gU Part 2http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QdpEaPxNW0g&feature=related Part 3:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mReH_vgrf-U&feature=related Part 4: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CzHFzeWFgyY&feature=related Part 5: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5rSYFCSVQbU&feature=related

  18. Leninism • Vladimir Lenin founder of the communist Bolsheviks. • October 1917 this party had the power to take control, with Trotsky the two were able to establish a new government. • Lenin took Marx’s ideas and adapted some, for example Lenin believed that government was necessary.(Bolsheviks would carry out a dictatorship, until people were ready for utopia) • Civil war between the REDs and Whites, eventually ended and in 1922 the Union of soviet socialist republics was formed.

  19. Leninism • War communism had begun. Five main points of this new policy were: • All factories were nationalized • All workers were under government control • Private trading was banned • Bartering replaced the use of money • Food was strictly rationed in cities. • The proletariat resisted preferring to run the factories collectively through councils of workers. Strife on the farms was worse as peasants resisted the confiscation of their crops and animals for the war effort

  20. New Economic Policy • under which many things were returned to private ownership. • Marxism – Leninism • Communist party retains control over the commanding heights.

  21. Russian Revolution • During WWI • Overthrew Czar • Lenin Rose to power • Introduced Communism • Commanding Heights • 1924 Lenin dies – Who follows? • In the next episode:

  22. Stalinism • Power struggle between Trotsky and Stalin, Stalin won by having Trotsky expelled, exiled and assassinated(1940). • Claimed to be a Marxist-Leninist, but his meaning of communism was influenced by his need to have absolute power and control. • Stalin’s communism became one of fear and oppression, he rejected any liberal values. • He developed a personality cult

  23. Stalinism

  24. Role of the state • State owned all land and controlled transportation, finance, industrial production and resources • Eliminate elements of capitalism by eliminating private property and any opportunity to make a profit. • State made all economic decisions • State collected all business profits and transferred funds from profitable enterprises to unprofitable ones • State set prices for all goods( law of supply and demand were absent)

  25. Industrialization – 5 year plans • Industrialize the USSR by building new iron and steel works and chemical plants • Develop coal, oil and electricity- hydro electric dams • Force people to move to urban areas sot there was a supply of labourfor the factories • High priority to heavy industrial goods and low priority to consumer goods • Produce more food to feed a growing population through collectivization • Produce machinery for large scale agriculture • Improve the security of the USSR by manufacturing more tanks, weapons and ammunition • Improve the education level of the Soviet people

  26. Collectivization • Forcibility took land from the peasants and kulaks and combined their plots of land into state or collective farms.

  27. Results of Stalinism • USSR rose to 4th in the world in terms of industrial output • Literacy improved • Number of hospitals increased • Coal production increased almost 5 times by 1928 • Electricity increased 10 times by 1940 • Steel production increased almost 5 times by 1940 • Soviet Union became the world’s leading producer of oil, coal, iron ore, cement and steel.

  28. Price paid • Consumer goods virtually ignored(poor quality) • Factory workers were overworked and safety precautions ignored • Housing conditions were miserable • Schools were forced to emphasize communist virtues of hard work, conformity, sobriety, nationalism and infallibility of leaders • Workers who were absent were deprived of food cards and housing.

  29. Before War

  30. After War

  31. Treaty of Versailles In the next episode:

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