Classification Review

1. Classification Review

2. A. How are living things classified? • Biologists use Taxonomy- science of classifying and giving a scientific name to organisms. • Binomial nomenclature- two word naming system. Each species name has two parts: Genus name and Species name, usually based on Latin or Greek; ex- dogs belong to species Canisfamiliaris .

3. B. Who started all this? Carolus Linnaeus- Swedish botanist, 18th Century, developed two name system. Before Linnaeus there was no order to taxonomy. Linnaeus’s system had 7 levels of organization, each level called a taxon (taxa-pl.) Linnaeus’s placed all living things in to one of two Kingdoms- Animalia or Plantae Today we have 6 kingdoms

4. Linnaeus’s System of Classification King Kingdom • Scientific Name= • Genus and Species • Ex: Homo sapien • Rules: • Genus is always capitalized and species is always lower case. • Both are always italicized or underlined Phillip Phylum Came Class Over Order Family For Great Genus Spaghetti Species

5. Linnaeus’s System of Classification Did DOMAIN King Kingdom • Scientific Name= • Genus and Species • Ex: Homo sapien • Rules: • Genus is always capitalized and species is always lower case. • Both are always italicized or underlined Phillip Phylum Came Class Over Order Family For Great Genus ? Spaghetti Species

6. The scientific name for the emperor penguin is Aptenodytes forsteri. From this name we can conclude that • This penguin lives in a cold environment • This organism is native to North America • This penguin belongs in the genus Aptendytes • All of the above Genus Species Practice #1 on your cheat sheet

7. Classification of Ursus arctos Section 18-1 Coral snake Abert squirrel Sea star Grizzly bear Black bear Giant panda Red fox KINGDOM Animalia PHYLUM Chordata CLASS Mammalia ORDER Carnivora FAMILY Ursidae GENUS Ursus Species name is most specific! SPECIES Ursus arctos Go to Section:

8. Practice #2 on your cheat sheet

9. Figure 18-12 Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains Section 18-3 Classification of Living Things DOMAIN KINGDOM CELL TYPE CELL STRUCTURES NUMBER OF CELLS MODE OF NUTRITION EXAMPLES Bacteria Eubacteria Prokaryote Cell walls No nucleus Cilia, flagella Unicellular Autotroph/ heterotroph Strep., E- coli Archaea Archaebacteria Prokaryote Cell walls No nucleus Cilia, flagella Unicellular Autotroph or heterotroph X-tremophiles Protista Eukaryote Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplastscilia, flagella Most unicellular; some multicellular Autotroph or heterotroph Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp Eukarya Animalia Eukaryote No cell walls or chloroplasts Multicellular Heterotroph Sponges, worms, insects, fishes, mammals Fungi Eukaryote Cell walls of chitin Most multicellular; some unicellular Heterotroph Mushrooms, yeasts Plantae Eukaryote Cell walls of cellulose; chloroplasts Multicellular Autotroph Mosses, ferns, flowering plants Go to Section:

10. Only recently recognized as a separate bacteria kingdom Live in very extreme environments Have a cell wall and some use flagella for movement Unicellular – single celled Prokaryote – simple cell with no nucleus Reproduce asexually Can be helpful & harmful E. Kingdom Archaebacteria

11. Largest of the two bacteria kingdoms & can live almost anywhere Have cell walls and some use flagella for movement Unicellular – single celled Prokaryote – simple cell with no nucleus Reproduce Asexually Can be helpful & harmful F. Kingdom Eubacteria

12. Eukaryote – complex cell with a nucleus Most reproduce asexually, some sexually Very diverse kingdom Can be autotrophs (producers) or heterotrophs (consumers) Can be unicellular or multicellular Examples: Algae, Amoeba, Diatoms, Euglena G. Kingdom Protista POND WATER

13. Eukaryote – complex cell with a nucleus Mostly Multicellular (except yeast) Can reproduce asexually with spores or sexually Heterotrophs (consumers) – they eat! Important decomposers Examples: Mushrooms, mold, lichens H. Kingdom Fungi

14. Eukaryote – complex cell with a nucleus Multicellular Autotrophs (producers) – they carry out photosynthesis Reproduce sexually with pollen or asexually Cell wall made of cellulose I. Kingdom Plantae

15. Hey! That’s You! Eukaryote – complex cell with a nucleus Multicellular Heterotrophs (consumers) Reproduce sexually Examples: insects, fish, humans J. Kingdom Animalia

16. Good Test taking skills for Kingdom Questions • Take it one characteristic at a time • Cross out answers that are incorrect • Circle the Clues • Narrow it down

17. Practice #3 on your cheat sheet Suppose that scientists discovered a new unicellular organism. This new organism has chloroplasts which help it carry out photosynthesis. It is a producer. It also has cilia which help the organism move. Which kingdom should it be placed in? a. Plantae c. Fungi b. Animalia d. Protista

18. Practice #4 on your cheat sheet You collect an organism from a boiling hot spring and find it has no cell nucleus. The organism is most likely apart of which kingdom? • Eubacteria • Protista • Fungi • Archaebacteria

19. Practice #5 on your cheat sheet Choose the Kingdom Organism is eukaryotic All are multicellular All are autotrophic

20. Dichotomous key • Series of questions that can be answered in only one or two ways. • Once you complete the question series you will be able to identify your organisms. • Question are very specific and based on physical appearances

22. Using the dichotomous key below, identify bird X • Certhidea C. Camarthynchus • Geospiza D. Platyspiza

23. Practice #6 on your cheat sheet