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Explore the use of indicators to measure the effectiveness of innovation policy instruments and the performance of National Systems of Innovation (NSI). Learn about conventional indicators like R&D expenditure and patents, as well as non-conventional indicators like contract research growth and technology-based enterprises.
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Measuring Innovation Professor Sunil Mani Centre for Development Studies Trivandrum-695011 Kerala, India
Outline • Conventional and new indicators • Use of indicators to measure effectiveness of innovation policy instruments.
Indicators for measuring the performance of an NSI • 1. Conventional • a. Input for technology generation: R&D expenditure • b. Output of technology generation: Patents data • C. Technology balance of payments • d. Publications • 2. Non-Conventional • a. Growth of contract research • b. Growth of technology based enterprises • C. Growth of Indian MNCs • c. Growth of new technology-based industtries • d. Incremental innovations • e. Innovation surveys
GERD to GDP Ratio: China and India compared to OECD and other emerging economies, 2004
India: Industrial R&D is increasingly dominated by those by the pharmaceutical sector
Patents granted to inventors from China and India in the US, 1991-2004
Share of Domestic Inventors in Chinese and Indian patents in the US
Share of Individually Owned Patents in Total US Patents Granted to Chinese and Indian inventors
The top 15 emphasized patents by Chinese inventors in the US
Trends in R&D expenditure in the Indian pharmaceutical industryRs in Millions
Recent R&D investments by leading Indian pharmaceutical companies
Interpretation of the results from innovation surveys • Response rate-generality of the results • Use of innovation survey data: • Innovation activities and expenditures • Source of information on innovation • Barriers to innovation