Chapter 10 and Final Exam Review

1. Chapter 10 and Final Exam Review

5. Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction 61. George Washington’s service as president of the U.S. was an example of . He accepted the presidency because he felt it was his duty to serve the people, rather than retire to his plantation. civic virtue ‘to render service to my country in obedience to its call…’ -George Washington

6. Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction 62. Alexander Hamilton: a leader of the Federalists, first Treasurer of the United States, and creator of the Bank of the U.S. - killed in a duel by the V. P. of the U. S. Alexander Hamilton Elastic Clause You lie Tom!! The national government must be strong & the bank’s a great idea. The bank is unconstitutional. Power to the states & may my V.P. shoot you dead!

7. Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction 65. President Washington demonstrated the increased power of the by sending the army to stop the Whiskey Rebellion. Federal government

8. Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction 66. The first were formed as a result of disagreements over the powers of the federal government between Hamilton and Jefferson. Political parties

9. Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction 67. George Washington’s Farewell Address advised the United States to stay “neutral in its relations with other nations” and to avoid “entangling alliances”. George Washington The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connection as possible....It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world.... - George Washington’s Farewell Address

10. U.S. Constitution 1787 Press Petition Assembly The government does not control the press; media are free from government control • Keep and bear arms • No quartering soldiers • No Illegal search/seizure • Rights of the accused • Fair and speedy trial • Trial by jury • No Excessive bail/cruel & unusual punishment • People rights protected • Reserve clause – rights of states and people Speech People can make complaints to the government and ask for government to make changes People have the right to assemble peacefully in public places Government cannot people from expressing their viewpoints Religion Congress cannot make a law establishing a national religion or preventing the exercise of religion Executive – enforces the law Federalism Separation of powers Checks and balances Republicanism Individual rights Popular sovereignty Limited government Judicial – interprets the law Legislative – makes laws Articles of Confederation 1781 the nation’s first constitution; lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control coinage lack of power to create a national army Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 1639 the first constitution in the American colonies; extended voting rights to non-church members and limited the powers of the governor, expanded ideas of representative government Magna Carta 1215 granted rights to noblemen and freemen. Limited power of the king English Bill of Rights 1689 supported a limited monarchy, gov’t based of laws made by parliament provided a system of shared power; rights given to ALL Englishmen House of Burgesses 1619 The First Representative Body in the colonies; Virginia Mayflower Compact 1620 first system of self-government in America.

11. Founding Documents Revolution Events exington – 1st battle of the Revolution eclaration of Independence – Thomas Jefferson aratoga – US victory - Turning point of Revolution – Help from France rticles of Confederation Valley Forge – American winter camp; forged better army onstitution – James Madison “Father of Constitution” orktown – Last major battle of Revolution; British surrender NH Jamestown -1st perm. English settlement NY MA RI CT MayflowerCompact – 1st system of self- gov’t PA NJ MD DE VA Declaration of Independence – Freedom from Englsih Rule NC SC Southern Colonies Constitution –Replaced Article of Confed. GA - Great Lakes New England - Long winters, rocky soil, timber, fishing, shipbuilding, whaling US in 1783 NW Territory Mississippi R. Middle Colonies - subsistence farming, good soil, warm climate Ohio R. Atlantic Ocean - Appalachian Mtns Southern Colonies - Hot climate, fertile soil, cash crops, plantation system Spanish Territory - Gulf of Mexico