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INVASIVE SPECIES. SIREX WOOD WASP. Pest of most southern pines, particularly loblolly. Native of Europe, Asia and North Africa.
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INVASIVE SPECIES
Pest of most southern pines, particularly loblolly. • Native of Europe, Asia and North Africa. • We have more than a dozen species of horntail wasp. No good keys to immature forms. Sirex is distinguished from native species by dark blue or black metallic body, reddish-yellow legs and all-black antenna. • Problem in New York, Pennsylvania and Vermont. • Damage caused by larvae boring and tunneling in wood causing bleeding as shown. • Researchers working on biocontrol using a nematode. • APHIS and Forest Service are working on lures and traps for detection and management.
Initially found in Michigan near Detroit in • summer 2002. • Infestations in Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, • Illinois, Maryland and Tennessee. • Small, bright, metallic-green, flat-headed • borer that infests all ash trees. • Maryland removed 20,000 ash trees to try • to manage this pest. • Killed 20 million trees in Michigan, Ohio • and Indiana. • Woodpeckers feed heavily on this pest, • and heavy woodpecker feeding injury to • trees is a good indicator of infestation.
Found in Florida in October 2005. • Serious pest with a wide range of distribution and occurring on a wide host range including many crops. Economically important on strawberries, citrus, cotton, soybeans, peanuts, tomatoes and grapes. • Recorded on more than 100 hosts in 40 different families. • Capable of spreading tomato spotted wilt virus on peanuts, tobacco streak virus, peanut necrosis virus, and peanut chlorotic fan virus. • Adult chili thrips have a pale body and dark wings. This is a very small thrip. • Reproduction is both sexually and parthenogenically. • Appears to be spreading via Knock Out roses. Primarily a foliage feeder causing crinkling, bronzing and defoliation of infested plants. • Attacks primarily the new growth. If infestation is suspected, send samples of 5 to 6 four-to-five-inch cuttings from the terminals of new growth. Place them in a zip-lock bag and send in. Do not put in envelope alone.
EGGS CACTUSMOTH
Found in Florida in 1989. • Range continues to expand along the Atlantic • and Gulf Coasts. • Found as far north as Charleston, South • Carolina, and as far west as Mobile, Alabama. • Moth has grayish forewings and white hind • wings. The larva is brightly colored and • striped black and orange. Feeds on the ears or • pods of Opuntia cactus under a silk webbing. • Eggs are laid on top of each other forming a • chain that resembles the spines on the cactus. • There is no satisfactory chemical management. • Several known parasites are being studied for • biocontrol. .
LAC LOBATE SCALE YOUNG ADULTS
Found in Florida in 1999. • Has been reported from several hosts and • locations in Florida. • Possibly a pest as it infest several tropical and • subtropical fruits and many ornamentals. • The resinous secretions of the scale produce a • very important product known as shellac, the • base for varnish. • Young are light to dark reddish brown in color. • The shape is globose with 4 lobes. • Young more globose than adults. • Young individuals usually appear as flat “bow • ties.” • Adults are hard to control because of thick • resinous covering. • 190 woody hosts in Florida.
Ceroplastes destructor has 1 to 2 generations per year. • Development depends on several factors, including • host species, temperature and water availability. • Mortality is density dependent, density of parasitoids • and predators, and prolonged periods of extreme • temperatures. • No known males; reproduction is probably • parthenogenic. • Eggs are laid in protected concave chambers beneath • the females. • They lay between 37 and 6,400 eggs, averaging between • 1,750 and 1,775. • Oviposition occurs over 10 to 14 days. • Immatures tend to settle on the foliage while later • stages move to the young twigs and branches and remain • there through the remainder of their development. • Requires 5 month to develop. • Early stages are easier to control because adults have • accumulated heavy wax covering the body.
First found in Orange County, Florida, in 2002. • Only infests bamboo. • Mealybug is grayish pink to red in color and • lacks lateral wax filaments but body is covered • with a fine, powdery wax. • Found beneath the sheaths of bamboo. • It is native to warmer climates and possibly will • have multiple generations per year. • Heavy infestations of this mealybug have the • potential to cause abortion of shoots. • Found in Australasian and Oriental Regions and • Orange County, Florida.
Brownish purple wax-covered female has tiny legs and a • thick wax covering. • No known males. • Nymphs secrete wax tufts forming a star. • Sever infestations of Japanese wax scale detract from • the host plant’s appearance because of the many white • scales and copious amounts of honeydew they excrete • and sooty mold development similar to Florida wax scale. • Found from Florida to Maryland. • Host include azalea, blueberry, camellia, Chinese elm, • citrus, fig, Chinese holly, yaupon, jasmine, mulberry, pear, • persimmon, plum, quince, Turks cap and other plants. • Once feeding begins, they begin to secrete wax. • Scales mature over the summer and overwinter as adults. • Control is difficult unless treated in early stages due to • buildup of wax on scales body. • Multiple applications may be needed because immatures emerge • over a 2-to-3 week period.
Serious pest of citrus and occasionally found in • trumpet flower. • Found in Jefferson and Plaquemine parishes in 2007. • Dense colonies of immatures are the most conspicuous • sign of an infestation. • Immatures are covered by a mass of wax filaments • covering the surface superficially, resembling a tangled • mass of wool. • Adults are small about 1/8 inch or less. Stems, • foliage and ground under infestations get covered with • sooty mold due to the high honeydew excretions. • Honeydew can be observed dripping through the mass • covering the immatures. • Ants tend these populations for the honeydew and can • reduce natural controls. • The parasite Eretmocerus jimenezi has been collected • from the infestations in Jefferson Parish. Louisiana is a new • state and distribution record for this parasite and the • white fly. • When infestations are first found, small removal of • infested foliage and then spraying effectively manages • this pest.
Eggs are oviposited in a spiral pattern, and • white wax is deposited over each egg. • Crawlers tend to remain within the egg spiral • and settle down to begin feeding. • The 4th instar secretes long, glassy filaments • of wax that hang down from the leaf surface 10 • to 12 inches. • Adult males are noted by the long claspers at the • end of the abdomen. • Populations may be so dense as to take your • breath away when disturbed. • The entire broad leaf surface of ginger plants • can be completely covered by nymphs and adults. • Life cycle requires about 35 days. • Systemics do a good job of management and can • be supplemented with ultra fine oils when • sprayed. • Adults have mottled wings and are very large.
Initially found in Louisiana in 2002 in Lafourche Parish in • small populations that were easily managed. Since the • hurricanes many orchards were unmanaged and the • black fly population has exploded in Lafourche, • Plaquemine, Terrebonne and Vermilion parishes. • Parasitoids work well to manage this pest but will have • to be brought in. • Black flies infest citrus, mango, kumquat and pink • trumpet. They tend to infest the lower part of the trees. • At emergence the adults are bright red with the front of • the head pale yellow. After 24 hours they turn slate • blue. Both the nymphs and eggs are black. • Eggs are laid in a spiral. Each female can lay 2 to 3 • spirals of 28 to 34 eggs . • Eggs hatch in 5 to 9 days depending on temperature. • Black fly nymphs are fed on by lady beetles, spiders and • lacewing larvae.
Fire ants are the number one pest in Louisiana. They are • beneficial to crops like sugarcane and cotton because they feed on • problem pests and help to reduce the number of sprays applied. • The use of insect growth regulators such as Esteem, Extinguish, • Award, Extinguish Plus and Firestrike use the fire ants’ foraging • capabilities to manage it. These materials are safe, effective and • economical for the homeowner and farmer. These are not • insecticides but sterilants that sterilize the colony and the • queen so the colony dies from lack of replacement workers. • Once the queen is sterilized the colony gradually declines over 2 to 6 weeks • depending on the product used. When treating large areas, spreaders • can be borrowed from county agents for application. These materials are used • at 1 to 1 ½ pounds per acre. • Other insecticides can be used to manage fire ants also. They • can be broadcast or used as mound treatments and are as • effective when used properly. Materials such as Talstar, Advion, • Top Choice and many others can be broadcast like the baits or • Orthene and Indoxicarb can be used to treat individual mounds • very effectively. • For additional information contact your local county agent.
