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BIOINFORMATICS OVERVIEW Premise of Bioinformatics Gene sequences determine biological function

BIOINFORMATICS OVERVIEW Premise of Bioinformatics Gene sequences determine biological function genomic DNA  Amino Acid  Proteins  Function Similar composition  similar Function? DNA sequences Amino Acid sequences protein 3D structure Predicting protein function Designer drugs

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BIOINFORMATICS OVERVIEW Premise of Bioinformatics Gene sequences determine biological function

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  1. BIOINFORMATICS OVERVIEW Premise of Bioinformatics Gene sequences determine biological function genomic DNA  Amino Acid  Proteins  Function Similar composition  similar Function? DNA sequences Amino Acid sequences protein 3D structure Predicting protein function Designer drugs Personalized treatments Bioinformatics Determining protein function Hard way=biological/chemical analysis; 3D structure with xray crystallography, NMR Easy way=sequence protein/DNA  find clise match in DB; guess fctn; validate in lab Bioinformatics is imprecise (similar to Datamining) usually only suggests possible relationships must validate correlation  causation

  2. Computers and Bioinformatics Amt of biological info is rapidly increasing Computers and software are needed to organize and analyze data 1970s: DNA sequencing / alignment with Smith-Waterman (dynamic programming) 1980s: sequence DBs (EMBL, GenBank) / Alignment with FASTA (linklist, hashing) 1990s: Automatic DNA sequencing / alignment with BLAST (nbrd words, probabilities Now: Genomics, Proteomics Bioinformatics Topics: Sequence Alignments: (find similarity between DNA / protein (amino acid) sequences) Genome assembly: (combining genomic fragments to form whole genome) Gene ID and annotation: (ID and clssify genes on the genome) Microarray & gene expression analysis: (use DNA microarrays to measure mRNA Protein folding: (compute 3D protein structure  protein sequence) Phylogenetic analysis: (find genetic relationships between sequences / species

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