The Experience of Discrimination: Stigmatized Groups and Consequences

1. The Experience of Discrimination Chapter 11 Prepared by S. Saterfield From The Psychology of Prejudice and Discrimination, Whitley and Kite, 2006 s.saterfield, 2006

2. Social Stigma Prejudice and discrimination can simply be invisible to many members of the majority group For many people prejudice and discrimination are a “lived experience”, not inconsequential beliefs and actions that can simply be overlooked while “getting on with one’s life’ s.saterfield, 2006

3. Social Stigma What factors set others apart from the dominant group White privileges/dominate group membership Group power Privilege status Not defined by number s.saterfield, 2006

4. Social Stigma What Defines a Stigmatized Groups Stigmatized—those groups that do not share the dominate groups status Appearance Behavior Violate norms established by dominate groups Referred to as the marked/markers Devalued, flawed for spoiled in eyes of others s.saterfield, 2006

5. Social Stigma Stigmatized Group Consequences of this devaluation are Dehumanization Threat Aversion Other negative treatment Subtle forms of discrimination s.saterfield, 2006

6. Social Stigma Stigmatize groups Benign stigmas- Stigmas that general depression to extreme violence against the stigmatized groups s.saterfield, 2006

7. Social Stigma Dimensions of harmful and benign stigmas Course Concealability Aesthetic qualities Origin Peril Stigma by Association s.saterfield, 2006

8. Social Stigma Tokenism—stigmatizing experiences from being a minority within a particular context Visibility Contrast Assimilation s.saterfield, 2006

9. Responses to Prejudice and Discrimination Attributional Ambiguity Personal/Group discrimination Discrepancy PGDD Cognitive explanation Motiviational explanation Perceiving discrimination s.saterfield, 2006

10. Consequences of Prejudice to the Target Stereotype Threat General features of stereotype threat Reducing stereotype threat Stereotype lift s.saterfield, 2006

11. Consequences of Prejudice to the Target How prejudice and discrimination can produce stress Stress-related responses to prejudice and discrimination Threats of Self-Esteem Individualism s.saterfield, 2006

12. Consequences of Prejudice to the Target Coping with Discrimination Psychological Disengagement and Disidentification Disidentification Behavioral Compensation Compensation s.saterfield, 2006

13. Experiencing Discrimination Study Questions ________ refers to the polarization or exaggeration of the differences between a token and the dominant group. Visibility Assimilation Marking Contrast s.saterfield, 2006

14. Experiencing Discrimination Study Questions ________ refers to the polarization or exaggeration of the differences between a token and the dominant group. Visibility Assimilation Marking Contrast (p. 459) s.saterfield, 2006

15. Experiencing Discrimination Study Questions The personal/group discrimination discrepancy refers to the finding that people believe they have personally experienced more discrimination than the typical member of their group. people believe they have personally experienced less discrimination than the typical member of their group. people report less discrimination than they actually experience. individual people are motivated to see more discrimination against them and their group than actually exists. s.saterfield, 2006

16. Experiencing Discrimination Study Questions The personal/group discrimination discrepancy refers to the finding that people believe they have personally experienced more discrimination than the typical member of their group. people believe they have personally experienced less discrimination than the typical member of their group. (p. 466) people report less discrimination than they actually experience. individual people are motivated to see more discrimination against them and their group than actually exists. s.saterfield, 2006

17. Experiencing Discrimination Study Questions Under which of the following conditions is stereotype threat most likely to occur? a woman taking a math exam in a class of other women a White man demonstrating his athletic ability at the same time as a Black man an Asian man taking a diagnostic test that he does not particularly care about a middle school child taking a memory test with other middle school children s.saterfield, 2006

18. Experiencing Discrimination Study Questions Under which of the following conditions is stereotype threat most likely to occur? a woman taking a math exam in a class of other women a White man demonstrating his athletic ability at the same time as a Black man (pp. 473-474) an Asian man taking a diagnostic test that he does not particularly care about a middle school child taking a memory test with other middle school children s.saterfield, 2006

19. Experiencing Discrimination Study Questions Which of the following is true about the relationship between the experience of discrimination and stress? The experience of subtle prejudice causes more stress than does the experience of blatant prejudice. Blacks experience lower blood pressure under conditions of stereotype threat than do Blacks not under those conditions. Gay men who have experienced anti-gay violence show more psychological distress than gay men who have not experienced such violence. All of the above are true. s.saterfield, 2006

20. Experiencing Discrimination Study Questions Which of the following is true about the relationship between the experience of discrimination and stress? The experience of subtle prejudice causes more stress than does the experience of blatant prejudice. Blacks experience lower blood pressure under conditions of stereotype threat than do Blacks not under those conditions. Gay men who have experienced anti-gay violence show more psychological distress than gay men who have not experienced such violence. (p.478) All of the above are true. s.saterfield, 2006

21. Experiencing Discrimination Study Questions A person who __________ is most likely to feel guilty when confronted about discrimination. has discriminated against a woman sees her- or himself as low in prejudice is confronted by a Black person is confronted by a woman s.saterfield, 2006

22. Experiencing Discrimination Study Questions A person who __________ is most likely to feel guilty when confronted about discrimination. has discriminated against a woman sees her- or himself as low in prejudice (p.482) is confronted by a Black person is confronted by a woman s.saterfield, 2006