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Dr Mariana Bara Kira Mantsu

Transmission of Arm â n /Macedonarm â n language and culture in the multilingual educational context within the Balkan States. Dr Mariana Bara Kira Mantsu. Armân Language. - Definition of a Mother Tongue - MARIANA BARA , PhD Hyperion University, Bucharest. Our language

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Dr Mariana Bara Kira Mantsu

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  1. Transmission of Armân/Macedonarmânlanguage and culture inthe multilingualeducational contextwithin the Balkan States Dr Mariana Bara Kira Mantsu Dr.Mariana Bara / Kira Mantsu, London, April 2009

  2. Armân Language - Definition of a Mother Tongue - MARIANA BARA, PhD Hyperion University, Bucharest Mariana Bara, London, April 2009

  3. Our language is understood by some people, the dead people, by God, the Virgin and by the angels perhaps. In 168 before Christ Paulus Emilius took over Perseus, Latin words took over the Hellenic-Macedonian words. In our language Hellas, the Macedonian passion and the glory of Rome finished in ashes, nostalgia remained… [...] Our poets sent messengers for engagement to other languages, our language avoided by the messengers Penelope without Odysseus. Our language, tomb where I go down, icon in which I ressuscite. by Yioryi Vrana Our language Mariana Bara, London, April 2009

  4. Roman province Macedonia (from 168 BC), official language LATIN official language GREEK from the 6th century Area of maximum Romansation: VIA EGNATIA Roman province Dacia – 106 AC, conquered with the contribution of the legions from Macedonia The Romanisation in the South-East of Europe Mariana Bara, London, April 2009

  5. Mariana Bara, London, April 2009

  6. AR: Macedonian , Thracian, Illyrian, Ancient Greek (T.Papahagi, Th.Capidan, C.Poghirc etc.) ILR, II: a Thracian linguistic area (from northern Greece to the western slopes of Balkan mountains); an Illyrian area (North-East of the Adriatic Sea); aDaco-Moesianarea (Dacia, the two Moesiaeand, possibly, Dardania). RO: Daco-Moesian (Al.Rosetti, Cicerone Poghirc, H. Mihăescu, La romanité dans le sud-est de l’Europe) “In Antiquity there was nolinguistic unity in the North of the Balkans, nor a too great similarity between the languages of this area” (C.Poghirc, in ILR, I, p.313) Substrate Languages Mariana Bara, London, April 2009

  7. RO: Dacia, Moesia Inferior, Moesia Superior (Ov.Densusianu, Sextil Puşcariu, Al.Rosetti) Language Birth Areas • AR: Macedonia, Epir, Thessaly (Th.Capidan, T.Papahagi, Matilda Caragiu Marioţeanu, C.Poghirc, Neagu Djuvara) Mariana Bara, London, April 2009

  8. Latin-based Languages in South-Eastern Europe Mariana Bara, London, April 2009

  9. AR: Ancient Geek (“ancient bilingualism”, Tache Papahagi, DDA) Old Slavic Modern Greek Albanian Turkish (almost through Greek ) Bulgarian (since 19th century) Italian (almost through Greek) RO: Old Slavic (“Slavic-Romanian blingualism”, Al.Rosetti, ILR) Hungarian (since 10th century) Bulgarian, Ukrainian, Polish Turkish Modern Greek (since 18th century) French (since 19th century) etc. Contact languages- in chronological order - Mariana Bara, London, April 2009

  10. Romance Comparison - for the Basic Vocabulary VR - • VRS = 2611 words • VRF = 2610 • VRI = 2599 • VRR = 2581 • VRC = 2381 • VRP = 2312 • VRA = 2294 • VRO = 2271 • VRSd = 1682 • VRRet = 1012 (only Latin) Mariana Bara, London, April 2009

  11. Etymological compositionof VR Mariana Bara, London, April 2009

  12. Armân LanguageTODAY • Mother tongue of approx. 1,5 mill. people • Still spoken • Regional language • Common basic vocabulary shared • Literature (authors, publishing houses, festivals) • Variety of languages: journalism, religious texts, ONG documents, advertising, internet etc.) • Adapting new terminologies Mariana Bara, London, April 2009

  13. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! Mariana Bara, London, April 2009

  14. Transmission of Armân/Macedonarmân language and culture in the multilingual educational context within the Balkan States KIRA MANTSU Writer Kira Mantsu, London, April 2009

  15. Armân / Macedonarmân people • roots originate from Ancient Macedonia • live nowadays : Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, FYROM (R. of Macedonia), Romania, Serbia • 1913, Macedonia was divided up among Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria - disastrous effect on traditional Armân/Macedonarmân life style • Armân/Macedonarmân people is a special „European“ problem in the field of minority issues in the Balkan • The only autochthon in Balkan which never established their own national state • The only people in Balkan without a “kin-state” Kira Mantsu, London, April 2009

  16. Etnonyms • Armân / Macedonarmân – own name • Known also as : Vlahi, Vlasi, Koutso-Vlahi, Elino-Vlahi, Macedo-Vlahi, Macedoneni (Macedoromãni, Mazedo-Romanen), Makedoni, Aromãni (Aromanians, Aromunen, Aroumains), Tsintsari, Cioban, Rrmeri, etc. Kira Mantsu, London, April 2009

  17. Armân / Macedonarmân : Bilingualism / Multilingualism • bilingualism Macedonian/Tracian/Greek-Latin – “Provincia Macedonia” (168 BC – 600 AC) • bilingualism Greek-Latin (Byzantium) • biligualism Armân-Neogreek / Armân-Albanian • biligualism Armân-Slavic (beginning with 6th C.) • modern multilingualism : 1. Armân – 2. official language (Albanian, Bulgarian, Greek, Romanian, Serbian, Slavic-macedonian) – 3. modern language (English, French, German, etc.) Kira Mantsu, London, April 2009

  18. Documents on historical & educational bilingualism • Cultural movement of Moschopolis (18th C.) : Th.A.Kavallioti - Protopiria, Vienna, 1770 – Dictionary of three Balkan languages (Greek-Vlach-Albanian) Daniil Moscopoleanu-Lexicon Tetraylosson, 1794, Venice – Dictionary of four Balkan languages (Greek/Romaiika-Vlach-Albanian-Bulgarian) Mihail G.Boiagi-Yramatiki Makedonovlahiki, Vienna 1813,the first academic grammar of Armân language (Armân-Greek-German) Rich classical & modern literature – 1850 until nowadays Kira Mantsu, London, April 2009

  19. Advantages & Disadvantages of Multilingvism • Advantages : • Communication & cultural exchanges between different ethnies • Social cohesion and guarantee for political stability • Access to education, social, polical & economical life • Disadvantages : • Cultural assimilation by the dominant culture of majority • Unequal competition between minority & official language • Lack of practical motivation for the minority language How can we stress the advantages and how can we transfer disadvantages into advantages ? Kira Mantsu, London, April 2009

  20. Situation of Armân language in Balkan states • 1905- „Irade“: Recognition of Armân people & language by the Othoman Empire • 1997- Recommendation 1333 on Armân Language and Culture, adopted by Council of Europe • No access to education in their mother tongue, due to the unrecognition as minority nowhere in Balkan states(excepted FYROM) • Armân/Macedonarmân language, still has not achieved the status of regional or minority language. • At 12 years from the issue of the Recommendation 1333/1997, we find with deep sadness that this document had no effect for the Armâns/Macedonarmâns, and the year of 2009 is still finding the Armâns/Macedonarmâns under the threat of their disappearance as a distinct ethnic group. Kira Mantsu, London, April 2009

  21. Transmission of Armân/Macedonarmânlanguage and culture Through : • Family: mother tongue (Armân/Macedonarmân) and the official one – due to the mixed families • School : Courses, Books • Interbalcanic sommer courses for children, teachers – for the unifying of the Armân/Macedonarmân language and teaching books • Interbalcanic seminars to promote Armân/Macedonarmân languge and culture among Balkan people – help to the ehnical and social cohesion • Mass-media – TV(digital TV channel for Armân /Macedonarmân, with redaction in each Balkan country Kira Mantsu, London, April 2009

  22. Proposals • Compulsory institutionalization of Armân/Macedonarmân language in the Balkan states • Elaboration of legal standards for the real protection of unrecognized minoritiy languages, as Armân/Macedonarmân • Transform of the passive minority protection into an active one, by adopting a legal system mentioned in the European Constitution • A clear EU minority policy is necessary, more than even. Kira Mantsu, London, April 2009

  23. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! Kira Mantsu, London, April 2009

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