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Norwalk Virus

Norwalk Virus. Scott Vaspory Craig Pritch October 4, 2005. Norwalk Virus. History of the virus Morphology Symptoms Transmission Prevention. Introduction to the Norwalk Virus. Norwalk – genus name for original Norwalk virus and other Norwalk-like viruses. Family Calicivirus.

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Norwalk Virus

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  1. Norwalk Virus Scott Vaspory Craig Pritch October 4, 2005

  2. Norwalk Virus • History of the virus • Morphology • Symptoms • Transmission • Prevention

  3. Introduction to the Norwalk Virus • Norwalk – genus name for original Norwalk virus and other Norwalk-like viruses. Family Calicivirus. • Calicivirae found worldwide, infecting humans, primates, and cattle, among others. • Increasingly being recognized as leading cause of food borne illness.

  4. History • Virus first identified in Norwalk, Ohio, 1973. • Noted to commonly be a problem on cruise ships. • Associated with contaminated food or water supplies.

  5. Physiology • (+) ssRNA, nonenveloped virus. • ~ 7.4 - 8.3 kb • Many different strains.

  6. Morphology • Nonenveloped capsid/nucleocapsid. • Icosahedral, 35-39 nm diameter • Picture: Norwalk virus, left and middle. Unspecified Calicivirus, right.

  7. Genome Organization ORF1 – polyprotein – similar to helicase, RNA polymerase of polio and RNA viruses ORF2 – capsid protein ORF3 – codes for protein of unknown function

  8. Infection • Noroviruses found in stool and vomit of infected. • Very contagious – infection via eating contaminated food, contact with sick individual or contaminated surfaces.

  9. Symptoms • Acute gastroenteritis. • Illness begins suddenly, from 12-48 hours after ingestion. Brief illness period. • Very young, elderly, and those with weakened immune systems may experience more severe symptoms. • Infectiousness may last up to 2 weeks, no evidence of long-term carriers.

  10. Diagnosis • Electron Microscope • RT-PCR • ELISA • Calicivirus is not easily studied. No efficient techniques have been developed to culture it in a lab setting.

  11. Prevention

  12. References • Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), (2003). 00.012. Caliciviridae. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 3. ICTVdB Management, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. • CDC. accessed September 29, 2005. Norovirus. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/revb/gastro/norovirus-qa.htm  • Directors of Health Promotion and Education. Accessed September 29, 2005. Norwalk Virus Infection. http://www.astdhpphe.org/infect/norwalk.html • Microbiology Department, Mount Sinai Hospital. Accessed October 2, 2005. Norwalk and Noroviruses. http://microbiology.mtsinai.on.ca/bug/norwalk/nor-bug.shtml

  13. Scott Vaspory svaspory@eden.rutgers.edu Craig Pritch hsteinway@gmail.com

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