Wireless Mesh Network The New Era of WLAN

1. Wireless Mesh NetworkThe New Era of WLAN Madan Jagernauth Director, Business And Technology Strategy Wireless Mesh Network Vendor Soup15 February 2005

2. Agenda • Introduction of Wireless Mesh Network concept • Wireless Mesh Network deployment models • Introduction to Nortel Networks Wireless Mesh Network solution • Including some technical details (radio technology, community area networks, mobility, and security) • Sample of current deployments • Conclusion of Wireless Mesh Networks Discussion • A view of WiMAX and how WiMAX and Wireless Mesh Networks could work together

3. WiredNetwork Hub AP AP AP AP AP AP Traditional WLAN • APs connected in star topology • Each AP is connected directly to the wired network • In public deployments, backhaul using leased narrowband (E1/T1, DSL) links Advantages • Does not require separate power source • Inexpensive and simple to deploy Challenges • Deployment limited by Ethernet cable length (max 100m) • In public, capacity limited by narrowband backhaul (E1/T1, DSL)

4. Broadband Network Wireless Mesh Network • Wireless Access Points connected in peer-to-peer topology • Backhaul using wireless broadband links • A few Network Access Points connected to broadband network at convenient locations Advantages • Backhaul via broadband wireless links • Does not require any cabling to APs • Simplifies network design / deployment, reduces ongoing OPEX • Employs wireless peer-to-peer devices for efficient routing, fault recovery Challenges • Requires AC power at the AP

5. Enterprises Network Operators Communities/ Cities Wireless Mesh Networks Flexible Deployment Models • Enterprises – Private Verticals • Education: Universities or College Campuses/Schools • Healthcare: Hospitals • Manufacturing: Factory floors, loading docks, inventory storage buildings • Enterprises – Retail/Public Areas • Airports • Convention Centres/Sporting Venues • Hotels • Shopping Malls • Temporary installations for special events and disaster recovery • Cities / Communities • Government/Homeland Security/Army/Municipalities/Public Works • Private use by its out-of-office employees • Fire, Police, Ambulance • Public use by its citizens and visitors in federal or provincial government • Public parks, tourist areas • Network Operators • Wireline/Fixed/Cable TV/ISPs/Wireless • Disjoint hotspots link hotspots together, concentrate wired backhaul • Ubiquitous Coverage “Last mile” – deliver high speed broadband to homes and offices • Augment existing broadband service or bypass incumbent carriers Extending the reach of WLAN in areas which do not cost-effectively support a wired LAN

6. Wireless AP 7220 Indoor/outdoor Access Point 802.11b/g access link 802.11a transit link with smart antennas Self-configuring, self-healing mesh formation Mobility client proxy for seamless subscriber mobility within the Community Area Network Wireless Gateway 7250 Enterprise class router Advertises reachability (within Enterprise/ISP Distribution Network) for WLAN Community Area Network subscribers Provides WLAN CAN-specific mobility anchor point Provides data security for the mesh transit link Network Management APs and Gateway support SNMP network management interfaces Currently integrated with Nortel’s Optivity NMS: Centralized facility for monitoring and managing network operations, leveraging a field proven end-to-end network mgmt solution Discovery & visualization of WG 7250 & AP 7220 Fault management – traps, faults, system log Real-time performance metrics – utilization, errors, interface metrics Internet at large AAA, DHCP, RADIUS Optivity NMS Border Gateway (NAT, Firewall, etc.) NOSS Enterprise / ISP Backbone Network Wireless Gateway Wireless Gateway Enterprise / ISP / MetroDistribution Network Layer 3 Router Layer 3 Router Wireless AP 7220 Wireless AP 7220 Community Area Network Wireless Mesh NetworkInnovative WLAN Access Solution

7. Wireless Access Point 7220 • Performs traffic collection & distribution functions for traffic within the Community Area Network (CAN) • Incorporates routing and wireless transit functions • Incorporates security functions for validating connections to other Wireless APs • Incorporates security functions for controlling access by user devices • Incorporates low-cost advanced antenna designs for extended reach, simplified deployment, and reliability • Small size (10” tall x 7.5” diameter) for flexible placement • Uses 802.11a with proprietary extensions for inter-AP transmissions (Transit Link) • Uses 802.11b/g for user access (Access Link) Layer 3 Router

8. Mobile Client MN MN Radio Networking Technology Wireless AP 7220 • Transit Link (TL) @ 5 GHz • Elevated dual-polar antennas with switched-beams. • Uses 802.11a technology. Existing utility pole or wall offering elevated mounting position Coverage of the Access Link (AL) from the Wireless AP • Access Link (AL) @ 2.4 GHz • Elevated, dual-polar, diversity switched antennas. • Uses 802.11b/g technology. Access and Transit links separated in space and frequency

9. Wireless Gateway 7250 • Advertises reachability (within Enterprise/ISP Distribution Network) for WLAN CAN subscribers • Hides WLAN CAN-specific mobility and security functions from the rest of the Enterprise/ISP Distribution and Backbone Networks • Provides data security for the mesh transit link • Typically supports about 50 AP 7220 Wireless Gateway 7250 Wireless Gateway 7250 Layer 3 Router Layer 3 Router

10. Network Operation Support System • Centralized facility for monitoring and managing network operations and leverages a field proven end-to-end network management solution • Interface to distributed elements through industry-standard protocols (e.g. DHCP, FTP, SNMP, SNTP, RADIUS) • Discovery and visualization of Wireless AP 7220 and WG7250 • Fault management • traps, faults, syslog • Real-time performance metrics • utilization, errors • interface metrics • Optivity NMS as portal • launch other Nortel element managers • Leverages off-the-shelf industry standard elements for the DHCP, FTP and RADIUS servers • Enables customers to future proof their infrastructure investment with integration to their existing back office • Proper authentication and authorization of users through NOSS ensures no theft of service or revenue losses by the service provider or enterprise • Minimize configuration required to enable fast, easy and cost-effective deployment and installation Internet Internet at large at large FTP, RADIUS AAA, DHCP, DHCP, SNTP RADIUS Optivity NMS Optivity NMS Border Gateway Border Gateway (NAT, Firewall, etc.) (NAT, Firewall, etc.) NOSS NOSS Enterprise / ISP Enterprise / ISP FTP, RADIUS, DHCP, SNTP Backbone Backbone Network Network Optivity NMS Wireless Wireless Wireless Wireless Gateway Gateway Gateway Gateway NOSS 7250 7250 7250 7250 Enterprise / ISP Enterprise / ISP / Metro / Metro Distribution Network Distribution Network Layer 3 Layer 3 Router Switch Layer 3 Layer 3 Router Switch Wireless AP Wireless AP 7220 7220 Community Community Area Network Area Network

11. NetworkAccessPoint NetworkAccessPoint NAPRouter NAPRouter AP AP AP AP AP AP Neighbour Auto-Discovery Techniques Community Area NetworkTopology Wireless transit link Wired transit link AP AP AP AP AP AP AP AP AP AP Arbitrary topology of wireless access and routing points AP AP AP AP AP AP AP AP AP AP AP MobileNode Wireless access links

12. NetworkAccessPoint NetworkAccessPoint NAPRouter NAPRouter AP AP AP AP AP AP Community Area NetworkTopology AP AP AP AP Adaptive Routing Algorithms AP AP AP AP AP AP AP Forwarding Path Auto-Discovery AP AP AP AP AP AP AP AP AP AP MobileNode

13. NetworkAccessPoint NetworkAccessPoint NAPRouter NAPRouter AP AP AP AP AP AP Community Area NetworkTopology AP AP AP AP Adaptive Routing Algorithms AP AP Link or Node Failure AP AP AP AP AP AP AP AP Automatic Rerouting AP AP AP AP AP AP AP MobileNode

14. Mobility Network Architecture Internet at large Optivity Network Management System AAA, DHCP, RADIUS • Between Internet at Large • and WG 7250 • Standard IPv4 addressing and routing NW Mgmt Border Gateway (NAT, Firewall, etc.) Enterprise / ISP Backbone Network Wireless Gateway 7250 Enterprise / ISP / MetroDistribution Network • Between WG 7250 and • AP 7220 • Wide-Area Mobility solution based on Mobile IPv4 concepts Layer 3 Router Community Area Network Wireless Access Point 7220 Access Link Transit Link • Between AP 7220 and • Wireless Mobile Node • 802.11 mobility Wireless Mobile Node (End User)

15. NOSS NAP-R MobileNode WirelessGateway 7250 AP 7220 Security – Subscriber Level Trusted Network Un-trusted Network WPA* EAP Authentication** IPsec Encrypted Tunnel Authenticated RADIUS with EAP Extensions WPA* - 802.1X/EAPOL SubscriberAuthentication Authenticated RADIUS Accounting WPA* TKIP, AES Encryption User Data WPA* - TKIP, AES SubscriberTraffic * Industry standard WiFi Protected Access, evolving to 802.11i ** TLS, TTLS, PEAP Delivering multiple layers of security enables secure, “anytime, anywhere” access

16. NOSS NAP-R WirelessGateway 7250 AP 7220 AP 7200 Security – Network Level Trusted Network Un-trusted Network EAP Authentication APDiscovery andAuthentication Authenticated per packet RADIUS with EAP Extensions 802.1X/EAPOL Mobility Management SignalingTraffic Authenticated for SNMP v3 only (after 1st release) SNMP Network MgmtTraffic IPsec Encrypted Tunnel 128 bit Encryption Delivering multiple layers of security enables secure, “anytime, anywhere” access Link Signaling SignalingTraffic

17. University of Arkansas 130 Buildings, 345 Acres in Ozark Mountains 17K Students, 5K Faculty Broadband capability 2x 50 Mbps Internet WAN links Gigabit Ethernet campus core network 10/100 switched Ethernet to most desktops 10/100 switched "per pillow" residence hall network Wireless "Hotspots"; general use, public safety, parking tickets Wireless bridging for satellite offices WMN Solution addresses key concerns such as: scalability reaching outdoor areas where wired infrastructure would not be feasible trees and buildings creating radio "shadow" areas ad hoc 802.11b/g SOHO access points - channel interference bandwidth saturation network management Live WMN Deployments – University of Arkansas • Why Outdoors? • Attractive outdoor seating areas • Relatively mild weather • Outdoor areas conducive to gatherings (ARKU Mall, Fulbright Peace Fountain, Old Main lawn) • Supplement Public Safety, Facilities Management work orders, parking ticket, book store end of term book buy-back • Future for Wi-Fi IP Phones • Press Releasehttp://www.nortelnetworks.com/corporate/news/newsreleases/2004d/10_19_04_univ_of_arkansas.html

18. Edith Cowan UniversityFirst Wireless Mesh Network in Australia • Australia's first wireless mesh network • Using wireless mesh and local area network (LAN) solutions from Nortel • Plans to deploy before the end of 2004 • Edith Cowan University • Almost 23,000 students including 3,000 international enrollments • Second-largest university in Western Australia. • Metropolitan campuses in Churchlands, Mount Lawley and Joondalup and a regional campus in Bunbury • Delivering innovative Broadband capability • Providing staff and students seamless wireless access to University applications and resources • Extended reach: Provide coverage both inside and outside the campus buildings, • Scalability: Nortel’s Wireless Mesh Network solution enables Edith Cowan University to meet current and future bandwidth demands • Flexibility: Nortel’s Wireless Mesh Networks solution enables Edith Cowan to accommodate future technology such as converged voice, video and data communications. • Also, due to the University's geographical spread, it had to be hardy enough to service both metropolitan and rural environments. Significant potential cost savings “We've determined that up to 70 per cent of mobile calls are from a campus base station to a campus phone," said Jeff Murray, IT manager, Edith Cowan University. "Future capabilities of the wireless mesh network can make this service available to all students and staff and can save AU$300,000, which means the new network will basically pay for itself." • Future applications • Plans to trial Nortel’s Multimedia Communications Server (MCS) 5100 in the next 12 months with a view to enabling converged multimedia (voice, video and data streaming) services over the wireless mesh network. • Press Releasehttp://www.nortelnetworks.com/corporate/news/newsreleases/2004d/10_19_04_univ_of_arkansas.html

19. CAN2_AP1 CAN3_AP3 CAN1_AP1 CAN3_NAP CAN1_AP2 CAN1_NAP CAN3_AP2 CAN3_AP1 Public WMN Trial Site: National Taiwan University and its Surrounding Business Area • Innovative Wireless Mesh Network Solution for Public WLAN: Providing campus-wide indoor and outdoor coverage to NTU’s professors, students, and staff as benchmark, leading-edge wireless mesh deployment in Taiwan • Partner with Taiwan local companies for network build-out: Using range extender solutions to provide WMN relay to enhance outdoor to indoor coverage • Nortel Networks first Wireless Mesh Network deployment in Asia • Includes a comprehensive network solution: Up to 17 Wireless AP 7220s, 1 Passport 1424 (NAP-R), 1 Optivity NMS Software, Wireless Gateway 7250, 2220/2221 WLAN Mobile Adapters • Support for multimedia applications (web browsing, video streaming, e-mail) • Demo of advanced applications (Wi-Fi voice over IP, seamless hand-over while driving at speeds of 50 kilometers per hour, surveillance video using web cam)* • Press Release: http://www.nortelnetworks.com/corporate/news/newsreleases/2004c/08_05_04_national_taiwan_university.html *Initial Testing done on pre-GA Release 1.0 software load