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Eutrophication 6 Socio- Economics of Eutrophication

Explore the socio-economic impacts of eutrophication and the cost of various management measures. Evaluate ecosystem services affected, such as biomass production, fishery, and erosion prevention. Review best practices in land-use and ecological processes to address eutrophication. Analyze the economic benefits and avoided costs of implementing restoration measures. Discuss the challenges in Venice Lagoon and Baltic Sea, including nutrient reductions. Learn about decision support systems for cost-effective strategies. Consider political, economic, and environmental factors in eutrophication management.

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Eutrophication 6 Socio- Economics of Eutrophication

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  1. Eutrophication6Socio-Economics of Eutrophication Alice Newton University of Algarve

  2. Economic Cost of Eutrophication?

  3. Costs were estimated using indirect methods considering that a response to algal blooms consists of: Short term measures (e.g. importing drinking water, erecting warning signs, treating with algicide) Medium term (e.g. new groundwater resources, improving water treatment, relocate production) Long term (e.g. restoring river flows, effluent reuse schemes and rehabilitation of riparian land) (National Eutrophication Management Program, Australia 2001)

  4. Ecosystem services

  5. Valuation?

  6. Ecol. process Env. function Good/service User Fixation of solar energy and biomass production Production of food Fish and shellfish Crabs Artisanal fisheries Prevention of erosion Shoreline protection Geomorphology (sediment control) Local communities Regulation of env. quality Assimilation of wastes (Gilbert & Janssen, 1998 - Evaluation of management alternatives - Mangrove ecosystem)

  7. D P S Approach I R Drivers Pressures State Impacts Responses

  8. C Cost Cost Environmental state Nutrient input A B Environmental state Nutrient concentration Nutrient input Nutrient concentration Talk by Fred Wulff, Antwerp, 8 Oct 2002

  9. Evaluation of management alternatives - Mangrove ecosystem (Gilbert & Janssen, 1998) General land-use Ecological processes Environmental function good or service (impaired?) BENEFIT and/or AVOIDED COST NET VALUE COST Submodels built using STELLA

  10. Evaluation of management alternatives - Mangrove ecosystem • Goods (quantitative) • Fisheries • Forestry • Aquaculture • Mangrove nursery • Conservation • Forestry • Aquaculture • etc • Services (qualitative) • Assimilation of waste • Sea defense • Ecotourism • Intrinsic value • Scientific/education value (Gilbert & Janssen, 1998)

  11. Problems in Venice Lagoon: hydromorphological changes (to avoid siltation), increased nutrient discharges, erosion, decrease in self-purification • Identification of the main aspects of the degradation of the lagoon (what is the problem?) • Identification of critical environmental parameters (How does the system function?) • Definition of target conditions (What do we want?) • Identification of intervention options (How do we deal with the problem?) • Validation of the selected target conditions and identification of critical areas using GIS (Where should we act?) • Assessment of the effectiveness of the most promising restoration measures using mathematical models (Bettinnetti et al, 1996 - Integrated Management Approach of the Venice Lagoon)

  12. (Bettinnetti et al, 1996)

  13. (Bettinnetti et al, 1996 - Integrated Management Approach of the Venice Lagoon)

  14. Nutrient reductions to the Baltic Sea: Ecology, Costs and Benefits. J. Env.Mgt (1997)

  15. Managing Nutrient Fluxes and Pollution in the Baltic: an interdisciplinary study

  16. Contingent valuation (willingness to pay) (Turner et al, 1999)

  17. MARE (Marine Research on Eutrophication) Programme (funded by the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research) - http://www.mare.su.se Objective: To develop a decision support system (DSS) to be used as a tool for developing and testing cost-effective strategies to reduce eutrophication in the Baltic Once a target (e.g. Secchi disk depth, reduction of nutrient concentration, in a specific area) is decided the programme indicates which (combination of) measure(s) are most cost-effective for a particular area in the Baltic (by country and sector). Model: http://data.ecology.su.se/models/bedonweb/nest

  18. (de Jonge et al)

  19. Some thoughts…. • Decision-making - triggering the process • Burden of costs • Economic aspects not the same as social aspects • Time-lag • Approach • Data required • Data available • Detail • etc... To consider:

  20. Politics Economics & Eutrophication...discussion • EU water framework directive WFD • Fertiliser Industry http://www.tfi.org/Issues/index.asp • Farmers and Common Agricultural Policy • Tourism industry • Fishermen • Aquaculturists • Ecology-Green parties

  21. DPSIR of Eutrophication • Policies • Economic • Monitoring • Assessment • Management

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