Firestarter- What was the most interesting thing you learned from the slavery statistics?

1. Firestarter- What was the most interesting thing you learned from the slavery statistics?

2. Causes of the Civil War

3. Differences Between North and South

4. North • Highly industrialized • Vast networks of railroads for trade

5. North • Communication network – telegraph lines were strung along the railroads • Immigrant workers settled in the North and worked in the factories. • Against slavery because they felt it would compete with paid labor

6. South • Mainly rural – plantations and small farms • Use rivers to transport goods • Southern economy relied on staple crops like cotton – “King Cotton” • Few immigrants settled here – there was not a need for labor because of slavery

9. a series of agreements passed by Congress to maintain the balance of power between slave and free states. Line 36 degree 30’ north latitude – north of that line was free – south of it was slave Missouri Compromise

10. Wilmot Proviso • “neither slavery or involuntary servitude shall ever exist” in any territory the United States might acquire as a result of the war with Mexico. • Divided Congress along regional lines – Northerners supported it and Southerners opposed it • It was approved by the House of Representatives but the Senate rejected it.

11. Statehood for California • 1849 – California applied to join the Union • California’s constitution forbade slavery • This surprised the south – they assumed it would enter as a slave state because most of it lay south of the Missouri Compromise Line. • South saw this as an attack on their Southern way of life.

12. The issue of slavery was hotly debated in the Senate in 1849. The South threatened secession – the formal withdrawal of a state from the Union. The Senate Debates

13. And Now a Little Intermission…

14. Clay’s Compromise: Henry Clay worked day and night to find a common ground – this became known as The Compromise of 1850 • California admitted as a free state • Popular sovereignty in Utah and New Mexico • Fugitive Slave Act – required people in the free states to help capture and return escaped slaves.

15. Some Northerners refused to follow the fugitive slave law Underground Railroad – secret network of people who would aid fugitive slaves in their escape. Harriet Tubman – most famous “conductor” – former slave – she returned to the South 19 times and escorted nearly 300 people to freedom in the North. Resistance Against Slavery

16. Uncle Tom’s Cabin • Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe - novel made slavery not only a political struggle but a moral struggle.

17. Kansas-Nebraska Act- Bill introduced in Congress by Sen. Stephen Douglas to divide the area into two territories: Nebraska in the north and Kansas in the South. This would repeal the Missouri Compromise and establish popular sovereignty for both territories. After months of bitter debate the Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed Tension in Kansas - Nebraska

18. "Come on, then, gentlemen of the slave states. Since there is no escaping your challenge, we accept it in the name of freedom. We will engage in competition for the virgin soil of Kansas, and God give the victory to the side which is stronger in numbers, as it is in right." -- Senator William Seward, on the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, May 1854

19. “border ruffians” – from Missouri voted illegally – won the election and set up a government Abolitionists were furious and organized a rival government Violence erupts Homes looted, buildings burned, printing presses destroyed “Bleeding Kansas”

20. John Brown (Abolitionist)– believed false accounts that five men were killed by a proslavery mob. He pulled five men from their beds and hacked off their hands and stabbed them. “Bleeding Kansas”

21. Violence over the issue of slavery spreads to the Senate Senator Charles Sumner delivered an impassioned speech attacking his colleagues for their support of slavery An angered nephew of South Carolina’s Sen. Butler entered the chamber and accused Sumner of libel and hit him with his cane repeatedly – Sumner suffered brain damage and didn’t return for three years The Beat Down in the Senate He characterized Douglas to his face as a "noise-some, squat, and nameless animal . . . not a proper model for an American senator."  Andrew Butler, who was not present, received more elaborate treatment.  Mocking the South Carolina senator's stance as a man of chivalry, the Massachusetts senator charged him with taking "a mistress . . . who, though ugly to others, is always lovely to him; though polluted in the sight of the world, is chaste in his sight—I mean," added Sumner, "the harlot, Slavery."  

22. Brooks, Sumner, Butler

23. Dred Scott - a slave from Missouri whose owner had taken him north to the free state of Illinois Dred sued for his freedom Supreme Court ruled – slaves did not have the rights of citizens Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional as it interfered with the rights of property owners to own property Dred Scott Decision

24. Lincoln-Douglas Debates • Illinois senate race between Abraham Lincoln and two-time senator Stephen Douglas

25. Douglas – believed in popular sovereignty to determine slave or free Slavery was not immoral – it was a backward labor system that would eventually go away with popular sovereignty Lincoln – slavery is immoral – a labor system based on greed Need legislation in the territories to stop the spread of slavery Lincoln lost the election but these debates put him in the national spotlight and people considered him as a candidate for the presidency. Lincoln-Douglas Debates Democrat Republican

26. John Brown – ardent abolitionist – led an slave uprising of black and white men in Harper’s Ferry His goal – seize the federal arsenal, capture arms and start a slave uprising 60 of the town’s citizens were captured in hopes that their slaves would join the uprising Harper’s Ferry

27. Harper’s Ferry • No slaves joined the uprising • Local troops killed eight of Brown’s men • Brown was captured and tried for treason and later hanged

28. John Brown being led to his execution.

29. Split on the issue of slavery Supported states’ rights Limited government Democratic Party

30. Three major candidates: Northern Democrats – Stephen Douglas Southern Democrats – Vice President Breckinridge Republicans – Abraham Lincoln Constitutional Union Party – John Bell Election of 1860

31. Lincoln wins with less than half of the popular vote and no electoral votes from the South States in the South respond by secession – South Carolina was first Lincoln Becomes President

32. Lincoln election is last straw!

33. Delegates from the seven secessionist states met in Montgomery, Alabama to form the Confederate States of America Jefferson Davis is elected president The confederate constitution was similar to the U.S. Constitution but it specifically protected and recognized slavery and stated that states were sovereign and independent. The Confederacy is Born

35. The Big Question… • Would the North allow the South to leave the Union without a fight?

36. The Confederacy ordered that Fort Sumter be turned over to them or face attack. Jefferson Davis ordered an attack on Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861 and it was surrendered to the South 33 hours of shelling Virginia seceded – they were unwilling to fight other southerners – by May the confederacy consisted of 11 states The War Begins at Fort Sumter

37. Major Causes of the Civil War • Differences between North and South • Missouri Compromise • Compromise of 1850 • Violence - Kansas-Nebraska/ Harper’s Ferry • Legality - Dred Scott Decision • Lincoln’s Election/Secession

38. Your Assignment…15 Pts • Create a poem or mnemonic device to help you remember the causes of the Civil War. • Here’s an Example: • My Nice New Car Needs Re Painted. Maybe Dark Violet? No Shiny Gold! The Original 13 States:MassachusettsNew HampshireNew YorkConnecticutNew JerseyRhode IslandPennsylvaniaMarylandDelawareVirginiaNorth CarolinaSouth CarolinaGeorgia