“Use of Branch and Bound Algorithms for Greenhouse Climate Control”

1. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 George Dimokas Constantinos Kittas “Use of Branch and Bound Algorithms for Greenhouse Climate Control” Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results Conclusions Discussion * Lecturer at T.E.I. of Peloponnese * Laboratory of Agricultural Constructions & Environmental Control

2. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 Introduction Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results Conclusions Discussion

3. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 Aim of the project Subject The development of a decision support system that optimize greenhouse climate management during winter period according producers criteria Introduction Material & Methods Results Conclusions Discussion

4. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 Climate Simulator Biological Simulator Weather Generator Central Engine Growers Needs Optimization Method Strategy for G.C.M Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results Conclusions Discussion

5. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 Biological Simulator Subject Introduction Bio-Simulator Cli-Simulator Optimization Material & Methods Results Conclusions Discussion

6. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 • Prediction of production quantity • Prediction of production quality • Prediction of harvesting period • Contribution in strategic management on Inputs Climate Use of Biological simulators Subject A useful “tool” for the growers: Introduction Bio-Simulator Cli-Simulator Optimization Material & Methods Results Conclusions Discussion

7. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 Sucros Hortisim Bacros Tomsim Elcros Biological Simulators Subject Tomgro Introduction Bio-Simulator Cli-Simulator Optimization Material & Methods Results Conclusions Discussion

8. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 Roses Radish Lettuce Cucumber Cultivation Simulators Subject Tomato Introduction Bio-Simulator Cli-Simulator Optimization Material & Methods Results Conclusions Discussion

9. Integration of hourly variables for daily temperature calculation Daily initialization TOMGRO Amount of carbohydrates for the pool Growth respiration Confirm the weather data from Climate Model Maintenance respiration Biological Simulator Rate of development for each organ Number of organs Gross photosynthesis Organs development rate Hourly “Loop” Age class for each organ Calculation the percentage of the appearance Daily “Loop” Ratio source / sink Demand for assimilates for each organ Calibration Validation

10. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 Climate Simulator Subject Introduction Bio-Simulator Cli-Simulator Optimization Material & Methods Results Conclusions Discussion

11. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 • Prediction of greenhouse climate • Decrease fungus problems • Crop management • Contribution in strategic management on Inputs Climate Use of Climate simulator A useful “tool” for the growers: Subject Introduction Bio-Simulator Cli-Simulator Optimization Material & Methods Results Conclusions Discussion

12. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 Micgreen Hortisim Hortitrans Van Henten Horticern Climate Simulators Subject G.C.M. Introduction Bio-Simulator Cli-Simulator Optimization Material & Methods Results Conclusions Discussion

13. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 Air Energy Balance Water Mass Balance SimGreC Crop Energy Balance Soil Energy Balance Cover Energy Balance Simulator Construction Subject Introduction Bio-Simulator Cli-Simulator Optimization Material & Methods Results Conclusions Discussion

14. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 System Controllers Controlled inputs Outside Air Temperature Outside Rel. Humidity Start value Crop Temp. Start value Cover Temp. Outside Solar Radiation Heating System Energy Start value Soil Temp. Start value Air Temp. Outside Wind Speed Percentage of Window open Model Inputs Subject Introduction Bio-Simulator Cli-Simulator SimGreC Optimization Material & Methods Results Conclusions Discussion

15. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 Cover Temp Crop Temp Radiation PAR Cover condensation Air Temp Relative Humidity Parameters Values Crop condensation Convection Soil Temp Transpiration Model Outputs Subject Introduction Bio-Simulator Cli-Simulator SimGreC Optimization Material & Methods Results Conclusions Discussion

16. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 Optimization Subject Introduction Bio-Simulator Cli-Simulator Optimization Material & Methods Results Conclusions Discussion

17. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 Future Duration of Prediction Today Data Use of Biophysical Simulator Optimization Subject Introduction Bio-Simulator Cli-Simulator Optimization Time Material & Methods Transplant End Results Conclusions Discussion

18. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 Contemporary Concerns Subject Introduction Bio-Simulator Series display problems Cli-Simulator Optimization Material & Methods Large number of possible solutions Results Conclusions Discussion Which is the best ???

19. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 Methodology for Decision Support Subject Introduction The search for possible solutions Bio-Simulator Cli-Simulator Optimization Material & Methods Requires use of "tools" Results Conclusions Discussion The use of algorithms "Branch & Bound"

20. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 S S1 S2 S3 S4 S1 S4 S2 S3 S1 S2 S3 S4 S1 S31 S21 S32 S22 S4 S22 S31 S32 S21 Researching the space of possible solutions S Subject (Α) Introduction Bio-Simulator Cli-Simulator (Β) Optimization Material & Methods Results Conclusions (Γ) Discussion

21. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 Ventilation Strategy Subject Introduction Bio-Simulator Cli-Simulator Optimization Material & Methods Percentage of Window opening When it will open Results • Ti: air temperature inside greenhouse • RH: air humidity inside greenhouse • pb1: parameter • pRT:humidity parameter • pc1: parameter Conclusions Discussion

22. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 Heating Strategy Subject Introduction Bio-Simulator Cli-Simulator Optimization Material & Methods Percentage of Heating system opening When it will open Results • Ti: air temperature inside greenhouse • DTi: air temperature difference between inside greenhouse and outside ambient air • RH: air humidity inside greenhouse • pb2: parameter • pRT:humidity parameter • pc2: parameter Conclusions Discussion

23. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 Value equation - Objective function Subject The problem to be solved is to minimize the objective function J to a range of possible solutions, S Introduction Bio-Simulator Cli-Simulator where Σ(fuel consumption)is the total energy gives the heating system inside the greenhouse, while respectively Σ(Plants D.W.) is the resulting dry weight of plant Optimization Material & Methods Restriction Function Results Conclusions Discussion Function above reject some subset of possible solutions by further exploring inside, to find the possible solution when the above condition is true, that the optimal minimal solution that offers the particular subset is greater than the largest value of another subset

24. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 Material & Methods Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results Conclusions Discussion

25. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 Subject Introduction Material & Methods Farm of the University of Thessaly Results Conclusions Discussion Cultivation:Tomato Experimental periodfrom1/10/2007until15/2/2008

26. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 Biological Measurements Subject Introduction Material & Methods Development Fruit production Results Conclusions Discussion Biomass production

27. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 Climate Measurements Subject • Air, Cover, Soil, Crop temperature Introduction Material & Methods • Relative humidity Results • Solar radiation Conclusions • Wind speed Discussion • CO2 concentration

28. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 Results Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results Conclusions Discussion

29. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 1st Simulation Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results 1st Simulation 2nd Simulation Conclusions Discussion

30. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 Optimization method Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results 1st Simulation 2nd Simulation Conclusions Discussion Percentage (%) of window opening (-), during the first simulated period

31. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 Optimization method vs measured values Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results 1st Simulation 2nd Simulation Conclusions Discussion Variation of measured (–) and optimally calculated (-) values, for air temperature (oC) during the first simulated period

32. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 Optimization method vs measured values Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results 1st Simulation 2nd Simulation Conclusions Discussion Variation of measured (–) and optimally calculated (-)values, for cover temperature (oC) during the first simulated period

33. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 Optimization method vs modified TOMGRO Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results 1st Simulation 2nd Simulation Conclusions Variation of calculated values according modified TOMGRO (▲) and the optimal values according B & B algorithms (■), D.W. of leaves & stems, during the first simulated period Discussion

34. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 Optimization method vs modified TOMGRO Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results 1st Simulation 2nd Simulation Conclusions Variation of calculated values according modified TOMGRO (▲) and the optimal values according B & B algorithms (■), number of nodes T.D.W. of plant, during the first simulated period Discussion

35. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 2nd Simulation Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results 1st Simulation 2nd Simulation Conclusions Discussion

36. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 Optimization method Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results 1st Simulation 2nd Simulation Conclusions Discussion Percentage (%) of window (-) and heating system (–) opening during the second simulated period

37. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 Optimization method vs measured values Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results 1st Simulation 2nd Simulation Conclusions Discussion Variation of measured (–) and optimally calculated (-) values, for air temperature (oC) during the second simulated period

38. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 Optimization method vs measured values Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results 1st Simulation 2nd Simulation Conclusions Discussion Variation of measured (–) and optimally calculated (-) values, for cover temperature (oC) during the second simulated period

39. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 Optimization method vs modified TOMGRO Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results 1st Simulation 2nd Simulation Conclusions Variation of calculated values according modified TOMGRO (▲) and the optimal values according B & B algorithms (■), D.W. of leaves & stems, during the second simulated period Discussion

40. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 Optimization method vs modified TOMGRO Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results 1st Simulation 2nd Simulation Conclusions Variation of calculated values according modified TOMGRO (▲) and the optimal values according B & B algorithms (■), number of nodes T.D.W. of plant, during the second simulated period Discussion

41. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 Conclusions Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results Conclusions Discussion

42. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 Conclusions of 1st Simulated Period Subject Introduction More ventilation Material & Methods Results Conclusions is lowering inside air temperature Discussion leads to reduction of whole plant’s D.W. create more robust plants in the future

43. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 Conclusions of 2nd Simulated Period Subject Introduction Less heating system operation Material & Methods Results Conclusions led to a reduction of production costs by 19.72% Discussion simultaneously a reduction of 17.4% for the whole plant’s D.W. the reduction caused in plants growth and development can be balanced with an increase of air temperature inside the greenhouse to a period prior to the reduction

44. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 Discussion Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results Conclusions Discussion

45. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 Useful “tool’ for the growers to: • Predict correct the production quantity • Reduce energy requirements • Predict the harvesting period • Contribute in strategic management The optimization method Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results Conclusions Discussion

46. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 The results are part of the research project Subject Introduction 03ED526 Material & Methods Within the framework of the “Reinforcement Program of Human Research Manpower” (PENED) and co-financed: Results Conclusions Discussion • 75% from E.U.-European Social Fund • 25% from the Greek Ministry of Development-General Secretariat of Research and Technology • and from a private company«AGREK» Samantouros

47. 7th International Conference – Haicta 2015 Thank you Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results Conclusions Discussion