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Sensory System

Part 1 (organ of smell, eye). Sensory System. Lecture for medical students. Department of histology, cytology and embryology KhNMU. Sensory Systems. 1.Sensory Organs 2. Nerves 3. Brain Centers (Analyzers). 3 types of Sensory Organs:. 1. Primary, Nerve-sensory (Olfactory,

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Sensory System

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  1. Part 1 (organ of smell, eye) Sensory System Lecture for medical students Department of histology, cytology and embryology KhNMU

  2. Sensory Systems 1.Sensory Organs 2. Nerves 3. Brain Centers (Analyzers)

  3. 3 types of Sensory Organs: 1. Primary, Nerve-sensory (Olfactory, Visual) 2. Secondary, Sensoepithelial (Taste, Equilibrium, Hearing) 3. Sensory Nerve Endings

  4. Organ of Olfaction (Smell) is located in the mucous membrane of the upper and middle nasal conchae, Consists of: 1. Supporting cells 2. Basal cells 3. Olfactory cells having cilia and axons, forming nerve

  5. Cilia of olfactory cells are irritated by odorous substances. Under the epithelium locate Bowman's glands producing solvents increase the concentration of odoriferous substances. Organ develops from olfactory dimple arising from first brain vesicle

  6. Organ of olfaction gets 10000 smells,1000 genes are responsible for smell • It is the most ancient sensory organ • Wet weather increases smell • Without this organ a person becomes anxious • Smell of lavender keeps anxiety away

  7. The Eye. Visual organ ＊the complex photoreceptor organ ＊ fibrous tunic(corneoscleral) the wall contains vascular tunic (uvea) neural tunic(retina) eyeball contents: lens, vitreous body, aqueous humor accessory structures: eyelids, conjunctiva,glands

  8. Uvea Sclera Retina Cornea Optic Nerve

  9. I. Fibrous tunic：has two main portions sclera: dense regular connective tissue cornea: contains 5 layers: outer corneal epithelium Bowman's membrane stroma Membrane of Descemet endothelium

  10. Corneacontains free nerve endingspermeable,avascular, transparenttransplantation

  11. II. Uvea – loose c.t., 3 parts: • 1. Choroid – is nutritive CT, contains capillaries, melanocytes, continuous to: • 2. Ciliary bodyis a CT belt, contains muscles, continues to ligament, keeping the lens, changes its shape • and to • 3. Iris CT contains muscles reduce or dilate pupil at its center

  12. Choroid Sclera Retina Cornea Pupil Lens Optic Nerve Iris Ciliary Body

  13. LIMBUS is the junction between sclera and cornea Iris • Irisconstrictor, dilator muscles regulate pupil • Ciliary bodymuscles relax the lens, keeping by suspensory ligament Ciliary body Suspensory ligament

  14. Anterior chamber – behind the cornea • Posterior chamber – behind the iris • Aqueous humor of chambers is produced by ciliary body epithelium • (Glaucoma) output through venous sinus to canal of Schlemm • Lens Anterior chamber

  15. LENS is transperent elastic body, covered by flattened epithelium, consists of fibers • VITREOUS BODY is transperent, colorless, contains 99% of water, hyaluronic acid, collagen

  16. Choroid Sclera Retina Cornea VitreousBody Pupil Lens Optic Nerve Iris Ciliary Body

  17. III. Retina pigment cells (outermost) Contains 2 sheaths 9 layers of n.cells and processes • chain of 3 neurons: layer of visual cells (rods and cones) – outer nuclear, layer of bipolar cells – inner nuclear, layer of ganglionic cells. 10 layers of nerve cells and their processes:

  18. Choroid Sclera Retina Cornea Ora serrata Optic Nerve

  19. Retina Choroid Sclera Muscles

  20. Ganglionic l. Inner nuc. Outer nu. Pigment epith.. Choroid Sclera Ganglionic layer Inner nuclear layer Outer nuclear layer Pigment epithelium

  21. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 III II I Pigment epithelium

  22. Ultrastructure of rod and cone cells RodCone Outer slender conical, wider segment cylinder shorter Membrane closed opened, continue Limiting to cell membrane disks Visual rhodopsin iodopsin pigment Sensitive to black, white blue, green, red lights twilight vision (krok)

  23. Rod Cone Cone Rod

  24. The way of light waves • Through the cornea • Anterior chamber • Pupil • Posterior chamber • Lens • Vitreous body • Through all layers of the retina to rods and cones

  25. Ganglionic l. Inner nuc. Outer nu. Pigment epith.. Choroid Sclera Ganglionic layer Inner nuclear layer Outer nuclear layer Pigment epithelium

  26. Optic Nerve (blind macula) • is made of axons of ganglionic cells Central Fovea (yellow macula) • is the place of the best vision, • contains the biggest amount of cones, • the rest layers are displaced

  27. 3 functional apparatuses of the eye

  28. Vitreous body I. Retina is photosensitive Sclera Central Fovea (yellow m.) Chambers Lens Optic Nerve (blind m.) Iris- Ciliary body II. Cornea dioptric (refractive) apparatus III.Iris accomodative apparatus

  29. Accessory structures: • Conjunctiva - CT • Eyelids – loose and elastic connective tissue, muscles, covered by skin epithelium, containing sebaceous glands – Meibomian and Zeis; and sweat glands – Moll) • Lacrimal glands

  30. Embryonic development of eye • Primary brain vesicle Optic vesicle Optic stalk Optic cup Retina • Ectoderm Lens placode Lens vesicle Lens • Ectoderm Outer corneal epithelium Eyelids • Mesenchyme: rest Cornea, Uvea, Sclera, Vitreous body

  31. Chapter 9 Eye and Ear

  32. Mesenchyme ectoderm brain vesicle Optic cup Lens placode

  33. Mesenchyme pigment epithelium Vitreous body Retina Lens Optic stalk

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