Photography

1. Photography And its earliest stages.

2. Alfred Stieglitz • Stieglitz made Photography ad acceptable art form though 50 years of creativity. • He was born in Hoboken. • He went to school for mechanical engineering, but switched to a photography major. In 1929 Stieglitz opened An American Place, a gallery where he showed paintings by contemporary Americans and, later, photographs. From the windows of this 17th-floor gallery and from his apartment he photographed New York City. He died on July 13, 1946.

4. Alfred Stieglitz (1864-1946), American photographer, editor, and art gallery director, was a leader in the battle to win recognition for photography as an art.

5. Ansel Easton Adams • Majority of his photographs were in Black and white. • He was an environmentalist. • He passed away on April 22, 1984. • He died from heart failure, at age 82. • He received a doctor of Arts from Harvard and Yale.

6. Adams was a hopeless, rebellious student, but, once his father bowed to the inevitable and removed him from school at age 12, he proved a remarkable autodidact. He became a serious and ambitious musician who was considered by qualified judges (including the musicologist and composer Henry Cowell) to be a highly gifted pianist. After he received his first camera in 1916, Adams also proved to be a talented photographer. Throughout the 1920s, when he worked as the custodian of the Sierra Club's lodge in Yosemite National Park, he created impressive landscape photographs. During this period he formed a powerful attachment—verging on devotion—to Yosemite Valley and to the High Sierra that guarded the valley on the east. It might be said that the most powerful and original work throughout his career came from the effort to discover an adequate visual expression for his near-mystical youthful experience of the Sierra. By 1935 Adams was famous in the photographic community, largely on the strength of a series of articles written for the popular photography press, especially Camera Craft. These articles were primarily technical in nature, and they brought a new clarity and rigour to the practical problems of photography. It was probably these articles that encouraged Studio Publications (London) to commission Adams to create Making a Photograph (1935), a guide to photographic technique illustrated primarily with his own photographs. This book was a remarkable success, partly because of the astonishing quality of its letterpress reproductions, which were printed separately from the text and tipped into the book page. These reproductions were so good that they were often mistaken for original (chemical) prints.

7. While photography and the piano shared his attention during his early adulthood, by about 1930 Adams decided to devote his life to photography. (As late as 1945, however, he still thought enough of his playing to have a recording made of his interpretations of Beethoven, Chopin, and perhaps others.) In 1930 he met the American photographer Paul Strand and was shown the negatives that Strand was then making in New Mexico. Adams was deeply impressed with the simplicity of the images' conception and by their rich and luminous tonality, a style in contrast to the soft-focus Pictorialism still in vogue among many contemporary photographers. The experience confirmed in him his evolution toward a purer and more realistic style. In 1932 Adams helped form Group f.64, a loose and short-lived association of West Coast photographers (including Edward Weston and Imogen Cunningham) who favoured sharp focus and the use of the entire photographic gray scale, from black to white, and who shunned any effects borrowed from traditional fine arts such as painting.

8. Ansel Adams (1902-1984) was not only a masterful photographic technician but a lifelong conservationist who pleaded for understanding of, and respect for, the natural environment. Although he spent a large part of his career in commercial photography, he is best known for his majestic landscape photographs.

10. Anna-Lou Annie Leibovitz • Born in Waterbury, Connecticut • She attended the San Fransisco art school • She spent time in the phillipines as an air force brat. As a photographer of today's hottest celebrities - and who herself has become a celebrity - Annie Leibovitz (born c. 1949) has chronicled popular culture for more than 25 years.

11. She was one of the six children born to Sam, an Air Force lieutenant, and Marilyn Leibovitz, a modern dance instructor. In 1967, Leibovitz enrolled at the San Francisco Art Institute, where (although initially studying painting) she developed a love for photography. After living briefly on an Israeli kibbutz, Leibovitz returned to the U.S., in 1970, and applied for a job with the start-up rock music magazine Rolling Stone. Impressed with Leibovitz’s portfolio, editor JannWenner offered her a job as a staff photographer. Within two years, the 23-year-old Leibovitz was promoted to chief photographer—a title she would hold for the next 10 years. Her position with the magazine afforded her the opportunity to accompany the Rolling Stones band on their 1975 international tour.

12. In 1983, Leibovitz accepted a position with Vanity Fair, which gave her a wider pool of subjects to work with. She has made many memorable covers, including two of Demi Moore, naked, and one of Whoopi Goldberg, half submerged in a bathtub of milk. In 1987, Leibovitz won a Clio award for her portraits of celebrity holders of "American Express" cards.

13. Resources. • Google.com • Answers.com • Biography.com

14. Camera Obscura - A darkened chamber in which the real image of an object is received through a small opening or lens and focused in natural color onto a facing surface rather than recorded on a film or plate. • Photography - The art or process of producing images of objects on photosensitive surfaces. • Collotype - A printing process employing a glass plate with a gelatin surface that carries the image to be reproduced. Also called photogelatin process. • Tintype – photograph printed on tin. also melainotype and ferrotype, is a photographic process first described by Adolphe-Alexandre Martin in France in 1853, and patented in the United States in 1856 by Hamilton Smith, professor at Kenyon College, in Ohio, who patented the process on February 19, 1856. William Kloen also patented the process in the United Kingdom in the same year. It was first called melainotype, and then ferrotype (by a rival manufacturer of the iron plates used); finally came the name tintype. All three names describe both the process and the resulting photograph.[1] • Tintypes are made by a wet-plate process, in which the photographic emulsion is contained in liquid collodion. The ambrotype was the first wet-plate collodion process, invented by Frederick Scott Archer in 1851 and introduced in the United States by James Ambrose Cutting in 1854. • Cartes de Visite – a type of small photograph type of small photograph which was patented in Paris, France by photographer André AdolpheEugèneDisdéri in 1854.[1] It was usually made of an albumen print, which was a thin paper photograph mounted on a thicker paper card. The size of a carte de visite is 2.125 × 3.5 inches mounted on a card sized 2.5 × 4 inches. It was made popular in 1859 in Europe, and from 1860 in the United States. The new invention was so popular it was known as "cardomania"[2] and eventually spread throughout the world. In 1854, Disdéri had also patented a method of taking eight separate negatives on a single plate. • -Wikipedia.com • William Henry Fox Talbot - the inventor of the negative / positive photographic process • Joseph NicephoreNiepce - most noted as the inventor of photography and a pioneer in the field. He is well-known for taking some of the earliest photographs, dating to the 1820s. • Polaroid – instant photograph, photograph company, founded in 1937 by Edwin H. Land • Matthew Bradley – one of the first known photographers, to make photography an accepted art form, also considered a master photographer • Alfred Stieglitz – photographed in black and white . Stieglitz was born the eldest of six children in Hoboken, New Jersey and raised in a brownstone on Manhattan's Upper East Side. His father moved with his family to Germany in 1881. The next year, Stieglitz began studying mechanical engineering at the TechnischeHochschule in Berlin and soon switched to photography. Traveling through the European countryside with his camera, he took many photographs of peasants working on the Dutch seacoast and undisturbed nature within Germany's Black Forest and won prizes and attention throughout Europe in the 1880s. • -Wikipedia.com. • Wedgewood - is credited with a major contribution to technology, for being the first man to think of and develop a method to copy visible images chemically to permanent media. • Carol Steele - Creative Wedding and Portrait Photography, professionally qualified photographer (Associate of the Society of Wedding & Portrait Photographers) and have been working from a studio in Torquay, South Devon for the past 22 years. research chemist, but left that profession because she disliked intensely the suffering caused to animals in the laboratories where I worked. • Louis JecquesMande Daguerre - inventor of the first practical process of photography, • George Eastman- founded the Eastman Kodak Company and invented the roll of film • Orlando Trott 9/23/08