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Psychology’s Roots

August 30, 2014 AP Psychology. Psychology’s Roots. Pre-scientific Psychology. Ancient thinkers wondered about the human mind Greece Aristotle Socrates Plato. Prescientific Psychology. 1600s – flourishing of modern science Rene Descartes: nerve paths John Locke: tabula rasa.

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Psychology’s Roots

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  1. August 30, 2014 AP Psychology Psychology’s Roots

  2. Pre-scientific Psychology • Ancient thinkers wondered about the human mind • Greece • Aristotle • Socrates • Plato

  3. Prescientific Psychology • 1600s – flourishing of modern science • Rene Descartes: nerve paths • John Locke: tabula rasa

  4. Birth of Psychological Science • Wilhelm Wundt (philosopher and physiologist) • Evolution of branches • Structutralism • Functionalism

  5. Birth of Psychological Science • Structuralism • Edward Titchener • Reliance on introspection • Limitations? • Functionalism • William James (philosopher) • Emphasis on practical functions of thoughts and feelings • Sigmund Freud • Emphasis on the unconcscious

  6. Development of Psychology as a SCIENCE • Behaviorism • John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner (1920s to 1960s) • Dismissed introspection • Redefined psychology as the scientific study of “OBSERVABLE human behavior” • “Little Albert” study

  7. Development of Psychology as a SCIENCE, cont’d. • Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow (1960s and beyond) • Rejected Freudian psychology and behaviorism • Emphasized role of current environmental factors and importance of having needs met • e.g. Hierarchy of Needs

  8. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

  9. Psychology today • Includes cognitive neuroscience • Described as the science of behavior and mental processes • How might the field continue to evolve?

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