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Memory Test Definitions. Define Tone ( as it pertains to writing). Tone is the writer ’ s attitude toward his or her subject matter . Formal writing at the college level usually falls into two main categories:. Objectivity. Subjectivity. impartial. partial. unbiased. biased.
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Define Tone ( as it pertains to writing) • Tone is the writer’s attitude toward his or her • subject matter. Formal writing at the college level • usually falls into two main categories: Objectivity Subjectivity impartial partial unbiased biased involved detached partisan neutral news story editorial reportorial evaluative
Objective tone Recent military plans by the current administration have been put on hold because of an apparent breakthrough in discussions between Russia and Syria, which would involve the latter government’s commitment to surrendering its cache of chemical weapons and have them monitored by an international organization--most likely the O.P.W.C.--and eventually destroyed.
Subjective tone Although the current administration’s military plans have been put on hold because of an apparent breakthrough in discussions between Russia and Syria, which would involve the latter government’s commitment to surrendering its cache of chemical weapons and have them monitored by an international organization--most likely the O.P.C.W.--and eventually destroyed, the President and his aides should be extremely cautious because Syria is in the middle of a two year old civil war, and a UN study has predicted that it would take 75,000 troops to protect the inspectors; this could lead to more entanglement in a region that is completely chaotic.
Define Qualification Qualification is the tempering of broad statements to make them more exact.
Define Coherence Coherence is the quality of good writing that results when all parts are logically related. Coherence means the writer has to effect clear transitions. Parts: Words within sentences Sentences within paragraphs Paragraphs within an essay
Which paragraph is coherent, ordered, and focused? When I first brought my cat home from the Humane Society, she was a mangy, pitiful animal. It cost a lot to adopt her: forty dollars. And then I had to buy litter, a litter box, food, and dishes for her to eat from. Two days after she came home with me she got picked up by the pound’s animal warden. There's a leash law for cats in Fort Collins. If they're not in a yard they have to be on a leash. Anyway, my cat is my best friend. I'm glad I got her. She sleeps under the covers with me when it's cold. Sometimes she meows a lot in the middle of the night and wakes me up, though. When I first brought my cat home from the Humane Society, she was a mangy, pitiful animal. She was so thin that you could count her vertebrae just by looking at her. Apparently she was declawed by her previous owners, then abandoned or lost. Since she couldn't hunt, she nearly starved. Not only that, but she had an abscess on one hip. The vets at the Humane Society had drained it, but it was still scabby and without fur. She had a terrible cold, too. She was sneezing and sniffling and her meow was just a hoarse squeak. And she'd lost half her tail somewhere. Instead of tapering gracefully, it had a bony knob at the end.
Define Refutation Refutation occurs when a writer of an argumentative essay presents one or several points from the opposing side and then immediately follows with information that points to the weakness of its position or positions. Discrediting the opposition, if handled appropriately with engaging evidence, often strengthens a writer’s position. More on refutation
Define a phrase: mention at least three of the six types A phrase is a group of related words without a subject And a predicate; each of which has its own function in a sentence: either adjective, adverb, or noun. prepositional, gerund, absolute
Define plagiarism Plagiarism occurs when a writer borrows information from a source, either directly or indirectly, but does not give proper credit to the author or does not paraphrase correctly. English Department Policy on Plagiarism
Define the difference between objective and subjective description With objective description, a writer will detail an item without ever bringing in his or her opinion about it. With subjective description, just the opposite, a writer will paint a picture of the item, detailing it with his or her personal feelings. Objective description uses denotative language; subjective description uses connotative.
Define biased and sexist language Generally speaking, avoid stereotyping. It is language that relies on stereotypes that demean, ignore, or patronize people on the basis of gender, race, religion, national origin, ethnicity, physical ability, sex, age, or any other human condition.
Stereotypical Language After the nursing student graduates, she must face a difficult state board examination. [Not all nursing students are women.] Running for city council are Jake Stein, an attorney, and Mrs. Cynthia Jones, a professor of English and mother of three. [The title Mrs. and the phrase mother of three are irrelevant.] Wives of senior government officials are required to report any gifts they receive that are valued at more than $100. [Not all senior government officials are men.]
Define an effective thesis statement It is the central idea of an opinionated piece of writing, which gives the reader the direction and purpose and sometimes the divisions of the major proposition. It controls the entire essay.
Example: The concept of "traditional marriage" being defined as one man and one woman is historically inaccurate. Given the prevalence of modern and ancient examples of family arrangements based on polygamy, communal child-rearing, the use of concubines and mistresses and the commonality of prostitution, heterosexual monogamy can be considered "unnatural” in evolutionary terms; consequently, same-sex couples should be allowed to publicly celebrate their commitment in the same way as heterosexual couples.
Define Dependent Clause A dependent clause , often called a subordinate clause, is a group of related words with a subject and a predicate, but it can never stand alone as a sentence because it begins with either a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun. It can function as an adjective, an adverb, or a noun. When the students asked for a definition of dependent clause. Whenthe students asked for a definition of dependent clause, the professor showed them a PowerPoint slide. Adv. The students asked for a definition of dependent clause; the professor, whowas receptive, showed them a PowerPoint slide. Adj. The students asked for a definition of dependent clause; the professor showed them what it was on a PowerPoint slide. N.
Define In-Text Citation An in-text citation gives the reader of a documented essay the specific information, within parentheses, needed to designate the source of the quoted material. It follows the quoted text—direct or indirect—and the final punctuation Is placed after the parentheses . The famous author said, “anger is an acid that can do more harm to the vessel in which it is stored than to anything on which it is poured” (Twain 25). complex sentence The famous author cautions us about the deleterious effects of vexation, both kept in or released on others (Twain 25). simple sentence
Define Dangling Modifier: then give an example A dangling modifier, often a participial expression, does not logically connect to what it modifies. Rounding the corner too quickly, the light post was sheared off by the school bus. Driving down the hill, the elk ran in front of us. I was able to see my sister’s new Lexus peeking through the window. I saw a ripe apple on the counter, which I ate. Adjectival clause
List four types of evidence a writer may use to support an assertion • Examples • Facts • Statistics • Expert opinion (books, articles, reports, interviews) 5. Personal observations and experiences
Define a Fragment A fragment is a group of related words that begin with a capital letter and end with a final mark of punctuation but can never stand alone as a sentence because it is either a phrase, the second half of a compound predicate, or a dependent clause. It is one of three very common errors.
Define a Comma Splice and Run-on sentence A comma splice occurs when a writer places just a comma between two independent clauses. A run-on sentence occurs when a writer places nothing between two independent clauses Two more of the three very common errors.
