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Swedish University of Agricultural Sceinces

Updated heavy metal budgets and critical loads Lage Bringmark & Lars Lundin. Swedish University of Agricultural Sceinces. Trace metal budgets and critical loads – update and discussion Priority metals : Pb , Cd, Hg. Authors:

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Swedish University of Agricultural Sceinces

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  1. Updated heavy metal budgets and critical loads Lage Bringmark & Lars Lundin Swedish University of Agricultural Sceinces

  2. Trace metal budgets and criticalloads –update and discussionPrioritymetals: Pb, Cd, Hg Authors: Lage Bringmark (SE), Lars Lundin (SE), Helga Dieffenbach-Fries (DE), Buchard Beudert (DE), Maria Theresia Grabner (AT), Thomas Dirnböck, (AT), Tuija Ruoho-Airola (FI), Iraida Lyulka (LV), Milan Vana (CZ), Pavel Kram (CZ) and Algirdas Augustaitis (LT). Swedish University of Agricultural Sceinces

  3. Sites and Flows of lead (Pb) in bulk deposition (BD), throughfall (TF) and steam water runoff (RW) at IMCP IM sites for one or more years during 1996-2008 (mg.m-2.yr-1) BD TF LF RW SE16, Gammtratten 0.77 0.71 0.46 0.10 SE15, Kindla 1.22 1.06 0.92 0.20 SE14, Aneboda 0.76 1.08 1.23 0.29 FI03, Hietajärvi 0.57 0.53 0.04 FI01, Valkea-Kotonen 0.65 0.12 LV02, Zoseni 1.01 0.91 0.06 LV01, Rucava 1.90 1.76 0.11 LT01, Aukstatija 0.86 0.09 LT03, Zematija 1.94 0.24 CZ02, Lysina 0.62 0.67 0.88 CZ01, Anenske Povodi 2.83 1.34 0.07 DE01, Forellenbach 1.26 1.69 1.44 1.42 AT01, Zöbelboden, beech 0.93 0.86 0.73 0.31 AT01, Zöbelboden, spruce0.93 1.69 0.62 0.31 Swedish University of Agricultural Sceinces

  4. Lead balances for the Finnish FI03 catchment and the three Swedish catchments SE14, SE15, and SE16 with throughfall, TF, litterfall, LF, and runoff, RW included. TF+LF is also included Swedish University of Agricultural Sceinces

  5. Input Approximate estimate of total deposition, TD TD = TF + LF Swedish University of Agricultural Sceinces

  6. Mercury balances for the four Swedish catchments SE 04, SE 14, SE 15 and SE 16 showing throughfall, TF, litterfall, LF and runoff, RW. Swedish University of Agricultural Sceinces

  7. Metal content in the humus layer during 1985-2010 in the IM site SE14 Swedish University of Agricultural Sceinces

  8. Bulk deposition (µg.m-2) at SE04 Gårdsjön Swedish University of Agricultural Sceinces

  9. Stream concentrations at SE14 Aneboda, Pb µg.L-1 Swedish University of Agricultural Sceinces

  10. Hovmand et al, 2008, Env. Pollution 155: 537-541 Bulk deposition 50 yr – Pb (Pacyna) 430 mg.m-2 (TF+LF approx.1300 mg.m-2) Bulk deposition 50 yr – Cd (Pacyna) 6.7 mg.m-2 (TF+LF approx. 27 mg.m-2) Bulk deposition 50 yr – Hg (Bringmark) ≈ 2.0 mg.m-2 (TF+LF approx.16 mg.m-2) ------------------ South Swedish soil stores 1995 1996, mg.m-2 AnebodaGårdsjön Pb humus layer 680 690 humus layer plus 20 cm 2800 3400 Cd humus layer 3.8 2.4 humus layer plus 20 cm 19 Hg humus layer 2.3 2.2 humus layer plus 20 cm 9.1 9.0 Swedish University of Agricultural Sceinces

  11. Critical loads Cd Pb Hg On request from WGE, Europe-wide task ofcalculating and mappingcriticalloads and exceedances. Call for data in 2004. EMEP grid cells. Deposition by EMEP modelling. Exceedance of 5th percentileofcriticalload in eachgrid cell. Results on soilecotoxicologicalendpoints; exceedance 0.4% of land area for Cd exceedance 12% of land area for Pb exceedance 54% of land area for Hg based on Hg in fish, 3 countries, 97-100% of area CCE 2010. Criticalloadsof Heavy Metals and theirExceedances. CCE Status Report 2010, 91-100. Swedish University of Agricultural Sceinces

  12. Starting point for critical load calculation – critical limit Five possible endpoints for critical load calculation – critical limit Five possible endpoints in the manual 1) drinking water – human health 2) terrestrial food quality – human health 3) terrestrial eco-toxicological effects (mainly soils) 4) aquatic food quality – human health (Hg in fish) 1-3, relation to metal concentration in soil solution 4, empiric relation to concentration in rainfall (Hg) Swedish University of Agricultural Sceinces

  13. Critical limit for Hg, most important point and most weak South Swedish concentrations of Hg in humus layer taken as critical limit at 0.5 µg.g-1 organic. Experimental effect conc ≈ 2 µg.g-1, field observations of metal effects not independent of Pb Two recent papers on critical effect concentrations for Hg: Tipping et al 2010. Environmental Pollution 158:2465-2471 crit. limit 3.3 µg.g-1 Åkerblom et al. 2010. Ecotoxicology and Environ. Safety 73: 924-931 EC5% 0.8 µg.g-1 Swedish University of Agricultural Sceinces

  14. Critical limit estimations 52 biologicalendpoints (plants, invertebrates and mainlymicrobes) collected from literature on experimental Hg additions. Harmonizationof all experiments by recalculationtofree Hg2+ ion (WHAM). Critical limit derived from 5th percentileof species sensitivity distributions. Result: 0.13 µg.g-1 (soil) or 3.3 µg.g-1 (organic mtrl) Tipping et al., 2010 Swedish University of Agricultural Sceinces

  15. Critical limit estimations in Sweden Focus on most sensitive soillayer. Upper part of humus layer – highbiologicalactivity, site of metal accumulation. Lower part less sensitive, uppermostlitterlayer less sensitive. Effectconcentration, EC5 at 0.8 g.g-1 (organic mtrl.) Correlation: Microbialactivity – metal sensitivity. Northern sites more sensitive thansouthernones. Åkerblom et al., 2010 Swedish University of Agricultural Sceinces

  16. Soil effect concentrations for mercury Current - 0.5 µg.g-1 (organic mtrl) Tipping - 3.3 µg.g-1 (organic mtrl) Åkerblom - 0.8 µg.g-1 (organic mtrl) Existing Hg concentrations in forest humus layers: North Sweden, general 0.2 µg.g-1, chloralcali industry 0.9 µg.g-1 South Sweden, general 0.35 µg.g-1 Czech Republic, general 0.7 µg.g-1, DE01 0.4-0.8 µg.g-1 ; (Steinkreutz, 0.16 µg.g-1) Swedish University of Agricultural Sceinces

  17. Hg accumulation is still ongoing Thank You for attention Swedish University of Agricultural Sceinces

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