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Biocatalysis: Utilizing enzymes for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals

Armstrong. Biocatalysis: Utilizing enzymes for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals. By: Brent Feske, Ph.D. Armstrong Atlantic State University. Ethanol – Fermentation of beer (6000 year ago - records have shown that the Sumerians liked a good beer)

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Biocatalysis: Utilizing enzymes for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals

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  1. Armstrong Biocatalysis: Utilizing enzymes for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals By: Brent Feske, Ph.D. Armstrong Atlantic State University

  2. Ethanol – Fermentation of beer(6000 year ago - records have shown that the Sumerians liked a good beer) • Fructose – 1 million tons/year at less than $1.00/kg Past • Now we can engineer organisms • BASF – Vitamin B-2 using an engineered fungus • Ashbya gossypii (genome sequencing complete) • Eastman Chemical and Genencor - launched a “totally aqueous two-step synthesis of Vitamin C”. • Lactic Acid - PLA (~50% less petroleum than plastics) ~Present • Advance cellulosic ethanol or biofuels • Study unique organisms like methylomonas(methane based organisms, etc) Future Past, Present, and Future of Biocatalysis C & E News – American Chemical Society

  3. S R Stereoisomers Why Biocatalysis? • Sometimes it is the most efficient route to a target molecule • Generally, it can be difficult to synthesize a single chiral center, thus enzymes are excellent at generating a single enantiomer • Industrial Friendly • Green Chemistry Gr$$n Chemistry

  4. Stereochemistry and Pharmacology Enzymes and receptors in the body are chiral -One stereoisomer is usually more potent -Some stereoisomers may display different pharmacological effects

  5. Thalidomide and the Role of Enantiomers and FDA approval S-enantiomer causes Phocomelia http://engineering.cua.edu/biomedical/faculty/kirtley/synergy/ar_thalidomide909.jpg

  6. Example Mechanism Taken from Biochemistry – Garrett and Grisham – Brooks/cole Ketone reduction and stereochemistry

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