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CC200 Classical World

CC200 Classical World. Rhapsodes and performance. Reconstruction of Troy. Mykonos Pot. Palace at Pylos. Geometric Krater Prothesis Horror Vacui. Periodization of history. Cultural values. ξενία : xenía : guest-friendship δίκη : díke : justice

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CC200 Classical World

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  1. CC200 Classical World

  2. Rhapsodes and performance

  3. Reconstruction of Troy

  4. Mykonos Pot

  5. Palace at Pylos

  6. Geometric Krater Prothesis Horror Vacui

  7. Periodization of history

  8. Cultural values • ξενία: xenía: guest-friendship • δίκη: díke: justice • ἀρετή: aretē: excellence, virtue • τίμη: tíme: honor • κλέος: kléos: respect, reputation • ἀνδρεῖα: andreīa: manliness • ἄγων: ágon: competition • αἰδώς: (avoidance of) aidōs: shame

  9. Cup of Nestor, ca. 750 BCE, Pithekussai, Italy Reconstruction ΝΕΣΤΟΡΟΣΕ[ΙΜΙ] ΕΥΠΟΤ[ΟΝ] ΠΟΤΕΡΙΟΝ ΗΟΣ Δ ΑΝ ΤΟΔΕ ΠΙΕΣΙ ΠΟΤΕΡΙ[Ο] ΑΥΤΙΚΑ ΚΕΝΟΝ ΗΙΜΕΡΟΣ ΗΑΙΡΕΣΕΙ ΚΑΛΛΙΣΤΕ[ΦΑΝ]Ο ΑΦΡΟΔΙΤΕΣ Translation Of Nestor I am the pleasant-to-drink-from cup Whoever drinks from this cup, immediately him A desire will seize for fair-crowned Aphrodite. Homeric references Homer Odyssey 3.71-72: “[Athena] offered [Nestor’s] rich two-handled cup to Telemachus, Odysseus’ son ....” Homer Iliad 11.632-637: “There was also a cup of rare workmanship which [Nestor] had brought with him from home, studded with bosses of gold; it had four handles, on each of which there were two golden doves feeding, and it had two feet to stand on.” Gold cup, Mycenae, 1500 BCE

  10. Herodotus’ Histories • What does passage 2 - Herodotus’ Histories 8.144 - tell us about his notions of community? "…There is the Greek nation - the community of blood and language, temples and ritual, and our common customs ….” • blood and language • temples and ritual • common customs

  11. Olympia, Sanctuary of Zeus: stadium

  12. Colonization: 750-600 BCE Acquisition of • arete, time, kleos • knowledge of other places • economic & political opportunities Process: • Consult Delphic oracle • Send out nobles, landless poor, disenfranchised politicals, exiles, merchants • Founder: oikistes to found an oikos • Stake out land, temenos • Reliance on hoplites (hoplon) • Maintain connection to mother-city Places to colonize: southern Italy, Sicily, Black Sea Chigi Vase (detail), ca. 650 BCE

  13. The πόλις (pólis or autonomous city-state), ca. 700-500 BCE • Colonization contributed to the sense of isolation and autonomy • city-state (πόλις: polis) = autonomous, self-governing, urban (ἄστυ: astu) and rural (χώρα: chora) • usually fortified with a high point (ἀκρόπολις: akropolis) • identified with the citizens (πολιταί: politai) • ruled by the “best” (ἄριστοι: aristoi) – hence, aristocracy

  14. Persian Wars Darius I of Persia Modern statue of Leonidas Trireme Olympias Spartan hoplites • Extent of the Persian Empire Persian Wars, 490-479 BCEReal and Imagined

  15. Spring festival Dionysos Eleuthereus End of 6th c. BCE Peisistratos Libation Phallus Choregos Ekstasis, enthousiasmos Began as Chorus, 12-15 men 534 Thespis introduced actor 472 Aeschylus, 2nd actor 458 Sophocles 3rd actor and scene painting Euripides City Dionysia, Tragedy

  16. City of Athens

  17. Theater of Dionysos, Athens

  18. Theater of Dionysos, Athens

  19. 5th c. literati Aeschylus Sophocles Euripides Aristophanes Herodotus Thucydides

  20. Animal Chorus, Comedy

  21. Acropolis

  22. Parthenon, Temple to Athena Polias, 447-432 BCE

  23. Entasis

  24. Pediments, Agon between Athena and Poseidon, Birth of Athena

  25. Zeus, Apollo, Artemis

  26. Folding of Peplos

  27. Gigantomachy -interior shield Amazonomacy -exterior shield Centauromachy -sandals Pandora - statue base

  28. Plato Socrates Red-figure kylix, symposium scene

  29. The Hellenistic Age:Athens to Alexander to Cleopatra

  30. Battle of Actium 31 BC Alexander dies 323 BC Timeline

  31. Alexander conquers the Persian Empire

  32. Alexander as Pharaoh, the son of Zeus-Ammon: syncretism begins Zeus-Ammon (Cyrene) Alexander with hornsof Zeus Ammon Alexander as Pharaoh (Luxor)

  33. Library at Alexandria: scholarship begins

  34. Hellenistic empires ca. 150 BCE

  35. Cultural & intellectual developments:from polis to cosmopolis • democracy  oligarchy & monarchy: Plato’s philosopher-king • duty to polis duty to self: individualism & introspection • Athenian comedy shifts from the political to the personal • rise of urbanism, professionalism, rhetoric, koine: hellenism • Athens  university town and center for philosophical schools • Epicureanism • Stoicism • Cynicicsm • Skepticism • Neo-Platonism

  36. The Seven Hills of Rome and its Fortifications, ca. 509 BCE

  37. Roman Republican values: pudicitia and fides Tarquinius and Lucretiaby Titian, ca. 1570Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge Titus Livus (Livy) 59BCE-17CE

  38. Marcus Tullius Cicero“parens eloquentiae et litterarum Latinarum” 106-43 BCE Marcus Licinius Crassus115-53 BCE Gaius Iulius Caesar100-44 BCE Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus106-48 BCE

  39. Marcus Tullius Cicero“parens eloquentiae et litterarum Latinarum”Epistulae, 2nd Philippic, de Senectute • 1800 epistulae (900 extant) • Major collections • ad Atticum (“to Titus Pomponius Atticus”) • 68-44 BCE, 16 books, ca. 20 letters/book • ad Familiares (“to his friends”) • 62-43 BCE, 16 books, ca. 20 letters/book • Minor collections • ad Quintum (“to his brother Quintus”) • 59-54 BCE, 3 books • ad Brutum (“to his friend Brutus”) • 43 BCE, 2 books, ca. 26 letters total • 2nd Philippic – 44 BCE • de Senectute (On Old Age) – 44 BCE

  40. Battle of Actium, 31 BCEOctavian (Augustus) vs. Cleopatra & Marcus Antonius Cleopatra Marcus Antonius Octavian

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