AP World History: Ancient vs. Classical

1. AP World History: Ancient vs. Classical By the end of class students should be able to: Characterize the ancient and classical periods Understand and explain the major shifts and turning points within the Foundations period Hypothesize how the classical civilizations will differ from those of the ancient period

2. Periodization

3. Uniting Large Regions1000 BCE – 500 CE

4. Mapping the Ancient World

6. Mapping the Classical World

7. The Ancient Period 8000 BCE to 1000 BCE • Between 9000 BCE and 7000 BCE • Agriculture introduced in the Middle East—spreads to Northern Africa, India and finally East Asia by 1000 BCE • Around 6000 BCE • Potters wheel invented; cities grew • 4000 BCE (Bronze Age) • Series of innovations • Between 3500 BCE and 1500 BCE • Four river valley civilizations

8. Characterize the Ancient Period Task: Characterize the Ancient Period

9. Transitional Kingdoms • Case Study: • Hittites, Minoans, Mycenaeans, Phoenicians • Spread agriculture from river valleys to temperate climates…how? • Specialization & trade • Combining ag. & herding • Double-edged sword of conquest • Inherently weak…why? • Structural political problems

10. 1000 BCE—A Turning Point • Wave of invasions on all river civilizations, made more effective b/c of iron weapons • Indus Valley falls to Aryans • Egypt’s political structure fails as does those in Mesopotamia • China’s transition is more subtle and symbolic: changes dynasties and introduces iron

11. The Classical Period (1000 BCE to 450 CE) • Expansion • Aggressive invasions combines with river valley experience to form even large civilizations • Integration • New size makes it more challenging to keep everyone under control and society functioning

12. Hypothesize… • What allows for classical civs to expand? • How might they attempt to provide greater coherence for their civilizations? • What aspects of ancient civilizations will be retained? • In what ways will classical civilizations be different?

13. Continuities • Agricultural economies • Patriarchal societies • RVC heritage

14. Population Growth

15. The Indian Caste System Consequences of Population Growth

16. Generation of Belief Systems Hinduism Judaism Buddhism Christianity

17. Outline Map: Microsoft Encarta Reference Library 2002 Consequence of Belief Systems Hinduism From lst millennium BCE Buddhism From 5th century BCE Christianity From 1st century CE Judaism Communities scattered widely in Southwest Asia, Northern Africa, and Europe, especially from the first century CE.

18. Spread & Influence of Civilizations Farming & pastoral nomadism replaced hunting and gathering in some regions. People moved into previously uninhabited areas.

19. Expanding Networks Routes Around 300 BCE to 300 CE, merchants, shippers, sea captains, and empire-builders extended and strengthened trade routes across Afroeurasia and the Americas. Empires Empires required networks of military and political communication. These networks encouraged interaction of many kinds over long distances. Writing With the appearance of alphabetic writing systems in Afroeurasia, people could communicate faster and easier than ever before. Religions The appearance of world religions— Hinduism, Judaism, Buddhism, and Christianity—stimulated cultural interchange across political and cultural boundaries.

20. The New Classical World

21. Triggers for Change • Iron technology • Deliberate cultural integration

22. AP World History: Ancient vs. Classical By the end of class students should be able to: Characterize the ancient and classical periods Understand and explain the major shifts and turning points within the Foundations period Hypothesize how the classical civilizations will differ from those of the ancient period