Presentation Transcript

1. History and Mission of the One Health Initiative Evolution Application Benefits
2. What is ONE HEALTH all about? Not a new concept….however…. A New Professional Imperative!!
3. True Stories 1986 20 mo. old male, severe, chronic, watery diarrhea – Lasted over 6 weeks Contagious: Mom got it, Dad got it, quite debilitating Pediatrician unable to identify cause, treated symptomatically Baby: dehydrated, losing weight Both parents were DVMs…. Took soiled diaper to Vet School parasitologist
4. Cryptosporidiosis Protozoans: genus Cryptosporidium. This hopefully would be quickly identified today by pediatricians?? Can be deadly in AIDS patients Major outbreaks often result from waterborne transmission Oocysts highly infectious and resistant to harsh conditions / cleaners (chlorine) Human-human, animal-human, fecal-oral, and waterborne transmission Cyclical life cycle!!!!!
5. Young Woman Travel Writer Ecuador's Tungurahua volcano Photograph by Guillermo Granja, Reuters Amazon River Traveled to Ecuador on assignment: Boated the Amazon, climbed a volcano- Came home with many Insect Bites Two weeks later: swollen painful joints, fever, skin lesions, discolored fingernails, shortness of breath Radiographs = lung lesions, >10 CT scans = granulamatous visceral lesions Veterinary Medicine, Mind over Miller, July 2011 )
6. Two yearsand 76 specialists later: tentative diagnoses of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, scabies, scleroderma, gastrointestinal Anonymous Image stromal tumors (GIST) Scheduled for exploratory surgery for GIST, thought most likely to be sarcoma Blood sample to Dr. Ed Breitschwerdt at the NCSU Vet School…….found
7. Two yearsand 76 specialists later: tentative diagnoses of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, scabies, scleroderma, gastrointestinal Anonymous Image stromal tumors (GIST) Scheduled for exploratory surgery for GIST, thought most likely to be sarcoma Blood sample to Dr. Ed Breitschwerdt at the NCSU Vet School…….found Bartonellavinsonii
8. After surgery - the surgeon reported to father - found no evidence of malignancy. Father answered, “I never thought she had a malignancy…(I believe) she has Bartonellosis’. Surgeon replied: “I’m a surgeon…I don’t know what bartonellosis is.” This is why we need to include One Health Education in Graduate Medical Education for all specialties. Veterinary Medicine, Mind over Miller, July 2011
9. Declining Bee Populations Pose A Threat to Global Agriculture Environment 360, Yale UniversityApr 30, 2013:by elizabethgrossman http://www.telegraph.co.uk Photo: PA , March 29, 2014 “The danger that the decline of bees and other pollinators represents to the world’s food supply was highlighted ….. when the European Commission decided to ban a class of pesticides suspected of playing a role in so-called “colony collapse disorder.”

10. Monarch ButterfliesStruggling for Survival due to: Climate ChangeLoss of HabitatInsecticides in the environment

    Monarch Migration Plunges to Lowest Level in Decades The number of monarch butterflies that completed an annual migration to their winter home in a Mexican forest sank this year to its lowest level in at least two decades, due mostly to extreme weather and changed farming practices in North America, the Mexican government and a conservation alliance reported on Wednesday. By MICHAEL WINES NY Times: March 13, 2013
11. Human-Animal Bond
12. Human – Animal Interactions: Not always our smartest behaviors!!!
13. http://nationallinkcoalition.org/
14. Comparative Medicine Puccini Foundation A vaccine developed in dogs is helping dogs with malignant melanoma and the findings have been applied to create a similar vaccine for humans! glioblastomamultiforme, GMB ~ in humans and dogs
15. History and Significance of the One Health Concept: “Between animal and human medicine there are no dividing lines –Nor should there be.” Rudolf Virchow, MD, 1821-1902 (Father of Cellular Pathology)
16. History of One Health: How did we get here? 1821-1902 Rudolf Virchow “Between animal and human medicine there is no dividing line…..nor should there be”; coined term ‘zoonosis’. 1848-1932 Bernard Bang, Dutch MD / DVM, isolated Brucellaabortus from cows, natural reservoirs, Bang’s Dis. Is zoonotic. 1849-1919 Sir William Osler, MD: Father of modern medicine: studied under Rudolf Virchow: may have 1st coined term ‘One Medicine’? 1850-1914 Daniel Salmon, DVM, early USDA APHIS; hired human physicians to work across disciplines 1854-1934 Thiebold Smith, MD in Bureau of Animal Industry found that heat killed pathogens could immunize…led to vaccines against typhus and to Jonas Salk producing the polio vaccine
17. History (cont.) 1854-1941 John McFadyean, DVM, MD, challenged Robert Koch assertion that bovine TB was of no concern to humans 1884-1974Karl Meyer, DVM, MD, UC Berkley, integrated fields of veterinary and human medicine (typhoid, malaria, influenza, brucellosis, anthrax, plague……etc) 1947 The Veterinary Public Health Division is established at CDCled by James Steel 1984 Calvin Schwabeuses the term "One Medicine" in his 1984 text ‘Veterinary Medicine and Human Health’ 2002 First annual One Medicine Symposium is held in North Carolina (continues today) 2004 Sept: The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) publishes the 12 Manhattan Principlesfor establishing a holistic approach to preventing epidemic/epizootic disease and for maintaining ecosystem integrity
18. Conservation and Development Interventions at the Wildlife/Livestock Interface: Implications for Wildlife, Livestock and Human Health. 2003 International Union for Conservation Of Nature (IUCM). Launched the AHEAD Forum (Animal Health for the Environment And Development) Osofsky, S.A., Cleaveland, S., Karesh, W.B., Kock, M.D., Nyhus, P.J., Starr, L., and A. Yang, (eds.). 2005.
19. History (cont.) 2004 (Nov), 2005, 2007, 2009 Wildlife Conservation Society holds One Health Symposia in Bangkok, China, Brazil and Brazil respectively 2007: The AMA and AVMA partner in a One Health Initiative Task Force between human and veterinary medicine 2007 One Health Initiative website team (Kaplan, Kahn, Monath, Woodall) began grassroots web communications platform 2008 JAVMA, Vol 233, No. 2, July 15, 2008 2008: FAO, OIE, WHO, UNICEF, UNSIC, World Bank develop joint pandemic flu response plan
20. One Health Wake Up Call !! We need a way to communicate / learn ACROSS disciplines
21. History (cont.) 2009 The One Health Office is established at CDC USAID establishes the Emerging Pandemic Threats program One World, One Health Expert Consultation in Winnipeg, Manitoba U.S. One Health Commission is chartered as a 501c3 non-profit Ron Davis, MD and AMA One Health Champion, dies of pancreatic cancer IOM sponsors One Health Summit in Washington, D.C.
22. People, Pathogens and Our PlanetWorld Bank Report No. 50833-GLB2010
23. Realization!!!!! Why the environment and environmental change matter to One Health, Meredith A. Barrett , Aaron H. Stoertz, Timothy A. Bouley, One Health Initiative Website NEWS, September 23, 2010
24. History (cont.) 2010 The Hanoi Declaration The Tripartite Concept Note is published  FAO, WHO, OIE hosts “Stone Mountain Meeting," defines specific actions to move the concept of One Health forward The United Nations and the World Bank recommend adoption of One Health approaches The European Union reaffirms its commitment to operate under a One Health umbrella
25. OUR COMMUNITY: OUR WORLD: ONE HEALTHOne Health Intellectual Exchange Group (IEG) Discussion Series Sponsored by the North Carolina One Health Collaborative (NC OHC)(Weekly, Jan-April; Monthly, May - November)http://nconehealthcollaborative.weebly.com/index.html
26. History (cont.) 2011 The 1st International One Health Congress is held in Melbourne, Australia The 1st One Health Conference in Africa is sponsored by OCHEA Tripartite organized a High Level Technical Meeting in Mexico City 2012 The Global Risk Forum sponsors the first One Health Summit in Davos, Switzerland (also 2013, 2014) USDA One Health Office is established 2013 The 2nd International One Health Congress is held in conjunction with the Prince Mahidol Award Conference, Bangkok, Thailand
27. Evolution of One Health? Not a new concept…….but a new professional Imperative!! News Bulletin: It’s up to ‘us’ to create a true paradigm shift. There are ‘many’ clusters or ‘bubbles’ of One Health activity around the U.S. and world trying to do that. We came from ‘generalists healers’ >> to be very specialized with amazing capabilities ……….. and in the process……… ‘lost’ our ability to see and function in the bigger picture.
28. Applicability of One Health? NC State University – College of Veterinary Medicine
29. Heal the Past…… Live the Present….
30. Man in America Obesity: a major cause of death today
31. Endocrine Disruptorsin our Environment: flame retardants Hyperthyroid cats
32. Endocrine Disruptors in our Environment: flame retardents Contribution to Childhood obesity? – postulated Environ Health Perspect.2012; 120(7):1049-54.
33. Antibiotics Use: from resistance to obesity?
34. Man in America Obesity: a major cause of death today Could there be links in our environment??????
35. Antibiotic Resistance and the Soil Microbiome www.the-scientist.com
36. Biological Pest Control? Developed from a naturally occurring bacteria, Streptomyces griseoviridis, Mycostop Biological Fungicide thrives in the root zone of plants. Bacillus thuringiensis (or Bt) is a Gram-positive, soil-dwelling, bacterium commonly used as a biological pesticide
37. Food Security:
38. Prince Mahidol Award Conference - Jan, 2013 Bangkok, Thailand
39. Protection of the public’s health is the moral responsibility of everyone: All health professionals DVMs, MDs, Environmental Health workers Food Producers/Retailers, Lab Animal professionals Agricultural Researchers, Wildlife Managers Architects, City planners and Lawmakers The Lay Public, housewives, husbands We are All in This Together----- making One Health very much a ‘Team’ sport.
40. The Paradigm shift Is up to us – the One Health Stakeholders…… Even when the Odds are against Us and the Path is Steep
41. The Paradigm shift Is up to us – the One Health Stakeholders
42. The Charter of the One Health Commission is to ‘Educate’ and ‘Create’ networks to improve health outcomes and well-being of humans, animals and plants and to promote environmental resilience through a collaborative, global One Health approach. https://www.onehealthcommission.org/
43. Heal the Past…… Live the Present….
44. Dream the Future! Barrett et al. , Front Ecol Environ 2010; doi:10.1890/090159
45. How does One Health applyto You? Be Prepared!!! Be a First Line of Defense. Know what emerging diseases might look like in Your arena. Seek collaborations with colleagues in other disciplines=> Make them aware of One Health
46. Benefits of a One Health approach: Not a new concept…..but a new professional imperative! Increased Interdisciplinary Programs/Teams Increased Information Sharing / Networking Improved Disease Prevention/Interventions Improved Approaches to Therapy Improved Public Health Improved Environmental and Plant Health More focused research on One Health issues
47. Heal the Past, Live the PresentDream the Future How can we implement The One Health Dream / Movement / Concept? One Health Educational Programs that prepare experts on issues that fall at the interface of our health disciplines Include more education on ‘One Health’ issues and on the environmental impacts on animal and human health Provide mechanisms for human, animal, plant, environmental health disciplines to interact more directly Go to / present at each other’s professional meetings Create interdisciplinary (One Health) CE requirements Publish in each other’s journals Establish Health Care Teams - Ex: Orthopedist? Arthritis? Test for Lyme, Brucella? Vector-Borne Dis
48. Dream the Future!A new way of thinking Bridge the Silos! One Health thinking will lead us to the kinds of vision and interactions the early One Health players had, with the added benefits of all we have learned and are learning within our specialties,
49. The Charter of the One Health Commission is to ‘Educate’ and ‘Create’ networks to improve health outcomes and well-being of humans, animals and plants and to promote environmental resilience through a collaborative, global One Health approach. https://www.onehealthcommission.org/