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ROCKS

Discover the different types of rocks - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic - and learn about their formation processes. Explore the rock cycle and understand how rocks transform into one another.

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ROCKS

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  1. ROCKS

  2. Definition: • A rock is a mixture of minerals

  3. Igneous Rocks • Igneous rocks are formed as lava or magma cools.

  4. Igneous Facts: • Basalt makes up most of the ocean floor and is the most common igneous rock.

  5. If the magma cools slowly beneath the surface, INTRUSIVE rocks result • INtrusive rocks form INside the Earth and have large crystals since there is time for them to form.

  6. If the lava cools quickly on the surface EXTRUSIVE rocks result. • EXtrusive rocks have EXited the Earth and have small crystals since they formed so fast.

  7. Other igneous rocks….

  8. Sedimentary Rock • Sedimentary Rock is made of sediment that has been compacted and/or cemented together.

  9. Sedimentary Facts: • 75% of the Earth’s surface rock is sedimentary. • Sedimentary rocks store ground water, oil, and coal.

  10. Clastic Sedimentary rock is made of fragments of other rocks.

  11. Organic sedimentary rock has traces of once living things in the rock.

  12. Chemical sedimentary rocks are formed when minerals crystallize as a solution dissolves

  13. Sedimentary rock is held together by COMPACTION and/or CEMENTATION:

  14. During compaction, rocks are squeezed together because of a lot of pressure from above.

  15. During cementation, rocks are held together by a mineral ‘glue’. Minerals fill in the spaces between the sediments and bind them together forming a solid rock.

  16. Metamorphic Rock • Metamorphic rock is rock that has been changed due to heat and/or pressure.

  17. Foliated metamorphic rock has bands of colors through it

  18. Non-foliated metamorphic rock does not have bands of color.

  19. Rock Cycle – any rock can become another rock

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