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Head Start

Head Start. Robin Brocato Office of Head Start. What is Head Start?. Early Head Start and Head Start are comprehensive child development programs which serve children from birth to five, pregnant women, and their families.

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Head Start

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  1. Head Start Robin Brocato Office of Head Start

  2. What is Head Start? • Early Head Start and Head Start are comprehensive child development programs which serve children from birth to five, pregnant women, and their families. Source: http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/hsb/about/generalinformation/index.htm

  3. History of Head Start • 1965 – Head Start 8-week summer program to get children ready for kindergarten • 1965 – American Indian/Alaska Native 159 grantees in 27 states • 1969 – Migrant Head Start • Birth to mandatory school age – children of Migrant farm workers (full day, at least 5 days/week) • 1994 – Early Head Start Birth to three

  4. History of Head Start • 1998 – Head Start Reauthorization Actincludes the mandates to expand to full day full year services. • 2000 – Head Start Child OutcomeFramework is issued • 2002 – “Good Start Grow Smart” presidential initiative • 2005 – FY budget is $6.8 billion and the total number of children served is over 25 million

  5. Goals of Head Start • Promote school readiness by enhancing the social and cognitive development of low-income children • Support parents in their role as primary educators of their children and empower families • Provide a supportive learning environment for children, staff and parents • Meet basic health needs including prevention • Respect children & adults • As individuals • With roots in many cultures and languages • As members of a community

  6. Head Start is unique… • Involves parents in all aspects of decision making • Parent volunteering and community representation on the policy council are part of the Head Start budget • Community partnering is a requirement • Parent preference in hiring

  7. Head Start programs are… Multi-generational and family centered, following the tenet that children develop in the context of their families and culture and that parents are respected as the primary educators and nurturers of their children. Source: Introduction: Head Start Program Performance Standards and other Regulations.

  8. In addition… • Head Start services are responsive and appropriate to the developmental, ethnic, cultural, and linguistic heritage and experience of individual children and their families. Source: http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/hsb/about/generalinformation/index.htm

  9. 734 programs nationwide 106,731 infants and children enrolled in 2006-2007 program year 10,422 pregnant women enrolled during the same period Early Head Start

  10. Head Start Act • The Head Start Act, outlines the intent of the Congress for the program, the types of services provided, the population served, reporting and evaluation requirements, and administrative requirements. Source: http://eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/hslc/Most%20Popular/Head%20Start%20Act/headstartact.html

  11. Head StartProgram Performance Standards • The code of Federal regulations- 45 CFR PART 1304 — contains the program performance standards for the operation of Head Start programs by grantee and delegate agencies. • The program performance standards are the mandatory regulations that grantees and delegate agencies must implement in order to operate a Early Head Start and/or Head Start program.

  12. Birth to 3 (EHS) Ages 3-5 Meet family income guidelines Slightly higher income if space available Children in foster care regardless of income Children who are homeless Families receiving public assistance (TANF or SSI) regardless of income At least 10% of enrollment opportunities offered to children with disabilities EligibilityHead Start is a child development program for preschoolers from low income families

  13. 2008 HHS Poverty Guidelines Source:Federal Register, Vol. 73, No. 15, January 23, 2008, pp. 3971-3972

  14. Migrant and Seasonal 51% of income from agricultural work (tree and field crops) Mobility in past 2 years Ages birth to compulsory school age Some seasonal farm worker children eligible as they settle out American Indian – Alaska Native Geographically determined - on or near reservations 51% families served must be low income Tribal council and policy council may select over-income children Eligibility Variations

  15. Head Start Demographics Race/Ethnicity (2006) Source: http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/hsb/about/fy2007.html

  16. Head Start Demographics: Ages of Children (2006) 909,201 children served in 2006 Program Year

  17. Head StartProgram Performance Standards Provide Head Start grantee regulations for… • early childhood education • health and safety • nutrition • transition • social and emotional development • disabilities • parent involvement • family partnerships • community partnerships • administrative and financial management, and facilities

  18. Monitoring and Accountability • PRISM- a set of instruments and a process used to conduct federal monitoring of Head Start grantees*. • National Reporting System (NRS)– designed on the basis of President Bush’s Good Start, Grow Smart, Early Childhood Initiative and provisions of the Head Start Act to create a new national data base on the progress and accomplishments of 4- and 5-year-old Head Start children on specific child outcomes. • Program Information Report (PIR) - an OMB approved report that collects comprehensive data on the services, staff, children and families served by Head Start. All grantees and delegates are required to submit (PIR) data.

  19. Child development and education Medical screenings/exams Dental exams Disabilities Nutritious meals Mental wellness Parent education Home visits Staff development Community connections Parent involvement in decision-making Socialization Referrals Head Start Services

  20. Head Start Organization Chart FEDERAL Local

  21. Head Start Regions Region 12 Region 11 Migrant Head Start 40 states American Indian & Alaska Natives 27 states

  22. 183 federally recognized Tribal entities and Alaska Natives participate in Head Start – 29,000+ children • 27 states including Alaska

  23. Migrant and SeasonalHead Start • 33,075 children • 40 states • Agriculture work • Full-day/part year • 5 – 7 days/week • Birth to kindergarten • Families migrate • Transportation

  24. Head StartState Collaboration Offices Create a visible partnership at the state level to support the development of multi-agency and public/private partnerships. • Help build early childhood systems • Encourage widespread collaboration among Head Start and other appropriate programs, services, and initiatives, • Facilitate the involvement of Head Start in state policies, plans, processes, and decisions

  25. Head Start Grantees and Delegate Agencies

  26. Head Start Program Options Center-Based Home-Based Local Program Options Combination Programs Family Child Care

  27. Head StartFY 2006 Program Statistics • Head Start grantees - 1,604 • Head Start classrooms - 50,030     • Head Start centers - 18,875 • Head Start enrollment - 909,201 • Average cost per child - $7,209 • Paid Staff -218,000 • Volunteers - 1,365,000 Source: http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/hsb/about/fy2007.html

  28. Head Start Resources • National Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network • National contractors • Regional contractors, including content area specialists • Local technical assistant specialists

  29. Key Health Resources • Approximately 82% of children enrolled in Head Start are also enrolled in either Medicaid, SCHIP, or a combination program. • 493,509 of families enrolled in Head Start received WIC services

  30. Health Services Advisory Committee • All Early Head Start and Head Start programs are required to have a Health Services Advisory Committee (HSAC) • The HSAC is comprised of community health professionals, Head Start staff, and Head Start parents. • It assists programs in identifying resources, developing policies and procedures and other activities.

  31. HSAC Resource: Weaving Connections

  32. Oral Health Requirements for Early Head Start and Head Start • Within 90 days of entry, a determination if a child is up to date on a schedule of well child care, including dental, as determined by the state EPSDT schedule • Head Start programs are required to work with parents to bring child up to date as soon as possible. • Treatment plans must begin, NOT COMPLETED, within 90 days of entry.

  33. Oral Health Challenges • Limited number of dentist accepting Medicaid patients, especially in rural areas • Parents not keeping appointments • Lack of understanding by Head Start staff and parents about the importance of “baby teeth” and preventive practices • Dental community awareness of the needs of Head Start children and families

  34. Oral Health Program Information Report Data • Self reported data • From 2002-2006, there is a slight increase in the percentage of children receiving needed services (76% to 80%) • The need for treatment services has slightly declined from 29% in 2002 to 25% in 2006

  35. Embracing Our Future: Matthew’s Story

  36. Head Start programs are located in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. territories Finding a Head Start Program Head Start Locator: http://eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/hslc/HeadStartOffices

  37. Office of Head Start 1250 Maryland Avenue, S.W. Portals Building, 8th Floor Washington DC, 20024

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