Animal Nutrition

1. Animal Nutrition

2. Need For Nourishment • Body processes require the use of energy • Obtained from ingested food or stored fat • Animal must have food to store energy in fat cells.

3. Need for Nourishment • Animals spend most of their time in search of food • Maintenance ration must be met first

4. Feedstuff • One component of a feed ration • Not normally by itself

5. Nutrients • Water • Protein • Carbohydrates

6. Nutrients • Fats or Lipids • Vitamins • Minerals

7. Metabolism • All the chemical and physical processes that take place in the body

8. Metabolism • Anabolism-metabolism that builds tissue • Catabolism-metabolism that breaks down materials

9. Water • Most abundant compound in the world • Animals must have frequent intake of water to remain alive

10. Water • Provides basis for all the fluid of the animals body • Bloodstream requires liquid for circulation

11. Water • Digestion requires moisture for breakdown of nutrients and movement of feed • Needed to produce milk

12. Water • Provides cells with pressure to allow them to hold their shape • Helps body to maintain constant temperature

13. Water • Flushes the animal’s body of waste and toxic materials • A loss of 20% if body water will result in death

14. Water • Animals generally need about three pounds of water for every pound of solid feed they consume

15. Protein • Largest and most costly part of a ration • Composed of Amino acid

16. Amino Acid • Building blocks of life • Tissue development • Muscle Production

17. Protein • Enzymes are composed of protein • Protein can be used to supply energy

18. Protein • Some animals need more protein than others • Young animals • Lactating (milk producing) animals

19. Protein • Twenty-three types of amino acid • Ten essential • Thirteen nonessential

20. Protein • Crude protein content • Total amount of protein in a feed • Calculated be multiplying nitrogen content percentage time 6.25

21. Protein • Digestible protein • The protein in a feed that can be digested and used by the animal • Usually about 50-80% of crude protein

22. Protein • Protein Sources • Animal • Slaughter house by products • Dried fish meal

23. Protein • Plant • Superior to animal sources • Cotton seed meal

24. Protein • Soybean meal, Linseed meal • Peanut meal, Corn meal

25. Protein • Balancing rations is based on the amino acid content

26. Carbohydrates • Main source of energy • Compounds of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen • Includes sugars, starches and cellulose

27. Carbohydrates • Almost all come form plants • Generally found in grain • Wheat • Oats • barley

28. Carbohydrates • Types of sugar • Monosaccharide- simple sugars • Glucose • Fructose, Galactose

29. Carbohydrates • Disaccharides- complex sugars • Sucrose • lactose

30. Fats • Group of organic compounds known as lipids • Found in plants and animals • Provide and store energy

31. Fats • Essential fatty acids; necessary for production of some hormones and hormone like subtances

32. Fats • Most important sources are the grains that contain oil

33. Minerals • Inorganic • Have role in providing structural support for the animal • Bones (calcium and phosphorus)

34. Minerals • Egg shells (calcium) • Other essential needs provided by minerals • Aid in construction of muscles, blood cells, internal organs and emzymes

35. Minerals • Mineral elements required • Macro- 7 • Micro- 9

36. Minerals • Mineral added to feed in their chemical form • Often fed free choice • Mineral ox or trough • Salt block

37. Minerals • Considered micronutrients • Essential for the development of normal body processes

38. Vitamins • Considered micronutrients • Essential for the development of normal body processes

39. Vitamins • Health • Growth • Production • Reproduction

40. Vitamins • Provides animal with ability to fight stress, disease, and the maintain good health.

41. Vitamin A • Fat soluble • Converted from carotene

42. Vitamin D • Fat Soluble • Depends on ultraviolet light from synthesis (sunlight) • Can be made commercially from irradiated yeast.

43. Vitamin E • Fat Soluble • Found in several forms of the organic compound tocopherol

44. Vitamin K • Fat soluble • Utilized to from the enzyme prothrombin • Synthesized in rumen and monogatric intestinal tract

45. Vitamins • Thiamine: coenzymes in energy metabolism • Riboflavin: part if two coenzymes that function in energy and protein metabolism

46. Vitamins • Pantithenic acid; component of coenzymes A • Niacin; Involved in metabolism of fats carbs, and proteins.

47. Vitamins • Pyridoxine: coenzyme component • Biotin: part of an enzyme involved in fatty acid synthesis

48. Vitamins • Folic acid: needed in body cell metabolism • Choline: component of fats and nerve tissues • Needed at greater levels than other vitamins

49. Vitamins • B12: coenzymes in several metabolic reactions • Essential parts of red blood cell maturation

50. Vitamins • Inositol: found in all feeds and synthesized in the intestine • Para-amniobenzoic acid (PABA): Function no well known