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Chapter 25 Nationalism

25.2 The Unification of Germany. Chapter 25 Nationalism. I. Prussia as Leader. Germany was a patchwork of independent states- each had is own laws, currency, and ruler Prussia became the strongest with a great military

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Chapter 25 Nationalism

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  1. 25.2 The Unification of Germany Chapter 25 Nationalism

  2. I. Prussia as Leader • Germany was a patchwork of independent states- each had is own laws, currency, and ruler • Prussia became the strongest with a great military • Napoleon conquest instilled nationalism in the German States and created a rivalry between Prussia and Austria

  3. II. The Zollverein • First major step was in economics 1. Many tariffs between states made trade costly • 1834 a customs union called the Zollverein • Made prices lower and more uniform • Industrialization spread • States adopt uniform system of weights, measures, and currency • German economy moves towards unification

  4. III. Bismarck and Prussian Strength • William I king of Prussia appointed Otto von Bismarck to head the Prussian cabinet • Built the Prussian army into a powerful machine • Opposed democracy- state not the people should hold authority • Believed it was Prussia’s destiny to lead the German people • Ignored the Parliament and the constitution to strengthen “The great questions of the day will not be settled by speeches and majority decisions … but by blood and iron.”

  5. IV. Wars of Unification • The Danish War (1863) • Over the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein • Schleswig population mixed of Germans and Danes • Holstein all German • Prussia and Austria declare war on Denmark a. Denmark receives no help • Denmark quickly surrendered • Prussia controls Schleswig Austria controls Holstein

  6. IV. Wars of Unification cont. B. The Seven Weeks’ War (1866) 1. Bismarck provoked Austria to declare war on Prussia over the Schleswig Holstein dispute 2. Prussia’s military shines most modern 3. defeats once powerful Austria in Seven Weeks 4. Treaty of Prague ends the war a. Austria surrendered Holstein b. North German states united with Prussia to form North German Confederation dominated by Prussia

  7. IV. War of Unification cont C. The Franco-Prussian War (1870) 1. Bismarck persuades southern states to join 2. Ems dispatch- edited telegram- insults French- published- French declare war 3. Southern states unite against threat 4. France defeated in a few months

  8. V. Formation of the German Empire • January 18, 1871 formation of the German Empire- all states except Austria • Each state had its own ruler, federal government controlled national defense, foreign affairs, and commerce • King William I named Emperor 1. Otto von Bismarck named the chancellor “Iron Chancellor”

  9. V. Formation of the German Empire cont. D. Structure 1. The emperor or Kaiser headed government a. chose the Chancellor 2. Legislative Branch a. Bundesrat- upper house- 58 members b. Reichstag- lower house- 400 members 3. Constitution a. favored the state of Prussia

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