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Biology 223 Human Anatomy and Physiology Week 10; Lecture 2; Wednesday Dr. Stuart S. Sumida

Biology 223 Human Anatomy and Physiology Week 10; Lecture 2; Wednesday Dr. Stuart S. Sumida. Soft Tissues of the Head – Part II Detail on Mastication. “True” Muscles of mastication All V3 innervation Temporalis m. Masseter m. Medial pterygoid Lateral pterygoid

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Biology 223 Human Anatomy and Physiology Week 10; Lecture 2; Wednesday Dr. Stuart S. Sumida

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  1. Biology 223 Human Anatomy and Physiology Week 10; Lecture 2; Wednesday Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Soft Tissues of the Head – Part II Detail on Mastication

  2. “True” Muscles of mastication • All V3 innervation • Temporalis m. • Masseter m. • Medial pterygoid • Lateral pterygoid • upper head: to articular disc • lower head: to neck of mandibular condyle ADDUCTORS – jaw closing/raising • “Accessory” Muscles of mastication • Vital for normal chewing, but not mandibular adductors/protractors • Buccinator VII • Digastric V3 & VII • Tongue XII

  3. Temporal fossa/floor Floor: parietal frontal sq. temporal SP

  4. Temporal fossa/structures related to roof Temporalis m.

  5. KNM ER 460 Australopithecus boiseii

  6. Temporal fossa roof/ temporal fascia

  7. zygomatic masseter Three layers: Superficial, middle and deep with slightly different fiber orientations; important in recruitment for chewing

  8. temporalis Posterior belly of digastric buccinator Stylomandibular ligament

  9. INFRATEMPOR-AL FOSSA borders: Lateral: ramus of mandible Medial: lateral pterygoid plate Roof: greater wing of sphenoid, adj. maxilla & palatine bones Inferior: continuous with deep cervical fascia • Lateral pterygoid: • upper head • lower head Line of action of lateral pterygoids is from anterior to posterior in horizontal plane. They PROTRACT or pull the mandible forward.

  10. Mandibular fossa Articular emminence condyle Coronoid process of mandible neck Mandibular notch Mental foramen for V3 sensory branch

  11. Injections to numb the lower teeth also numb chin and lower lip but not uppers Mandibular foramen for inferior alveolar branch of V3, vv. lingula Mylohyoid groove for V3 branch to mylohyoid Mylohyoid line for m. attachment

  12. Sphenoid/Muscular origins Lateral pterygoid upper head – to articular disc Lateral pterygoid lower head to neck of mandibular condyle Tensorveli palatini Medial pterygoid “Pterygoid” means “talon-like”

  13. Temporalis m. Masseter m. MRI series 1 of 6 – coronal section, anterior to posterior

  14. Lateral pterygoid • Upper head: to articular disc • Lower head: to neck of mandibular condyle MRI series 2 of 6

  15. Medial pterygoid MRI series 3 of 6

  16. MRI series 4 of 6

  17. MRI series 5 of 6

  18. MRI series 6 of 6

  19. Mastication = process in which food is bitten, held and chewed withing the oral cavity • Incisors = nipping and cutting (shear) • Molars = crushing, with shear generated as cusps occlude • Occlusion = close-packing of teeth in functioanlly approprite position • Mal-occlusion can lead to abnormal stresses on TMJ, and therefore arthritis

  20. Chewing movements and mechanics NOTE different vectors of temporalis m. Generally acts as 2nd order lever system = compression at TMJ Turning moment generated along mandibular corpus and ramus = sheer at TMJ

  21. Chewing in mammals (and therefore humans) is asymmetric and unilateral: • WORKING SIDE: • GREATEST ADDUCTOR FORCE, • but articular emminence is less substantially loaded • BALANCING SIDE: • LESS ADDUCTOR FORCE • articular emminence is substantially loaded • INITIAL ACTION CONTRACTION OF INFERIOR HEAD OF LATERAL PTERYGOID MUSCLE TO INITIATE MANDIBULAR DEVIATION TO WORKING SIDE

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