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Exploiting ebXML Registry Semantics in the eHealth Domain *

Exploiting ebXML Registry Semantics in the eHealth Domain *. Asuman Dogac. * Parts of this work are being sponsored by the eHealth and eBusiness Units of the European Commission. Brief Introduction…. ebXML registry is capable of storing semantics about the registry objects

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Exploiting ebXML Registry Semantics in the eHealth Domain *

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  1. Exploiting ebXML Registry Semantics in the eHealth Domain* Asuman Dogac * Parts of this work are being sponsored by the eHealth and eBusiness Units of the European Commission Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  2. Brief Introduction… • ebXML registry is capable of storing semantics about the registry objects • This semantics is restricted to classification hierarchies with properties • It is possible to represent some Web Ontology Language (OWL) constructs in the registry • Through an application in eHealth domain we will discuss how this semantics can be exploited Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  3. Outline… • Semantics in ebXML registries • ebXML Registry Semantic Constructs • A brief introduction to OWL • Mapping OWL constructs to ebXML registry • Making ebXML registries OWL aware • Exploiting ebXML registry semantics in the healthcare domain Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  4. Describing Semantics in ebXML Registries • ebXML registry allows metadata to be stored in the registry • This is achieved through a classification mechanism, called ClassificationScheme • Association instances are used in relating objects in the registry • Furthermore Slot instances provide a dynamic way to add arbitrary attributes to registry object instances Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  5. Clinical Domain Field Organ Systems Central Nervous System Dermatology Field Surgery Field An example… ebXML Repository ebXML Registry A Classification Hierarchy LOINC A “NeuroSurgery" Document Extrinsic Object Coding System classifiedBy classifiedBy ClassificationNodes Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  6. ebXML Registry Implementation: Relational Database with Stored Procedures • ebXML registry implementations store registry data in a relational database • The Query Manager component constructs the objects by obtaining the required data from the relational database through SQL queries • When a client submits a request to the registry, registry objects are constructed by retrieving the related information from the database through SQL queries and are served to the user through the methods of these objects • Alternatively, SQL can be directly used to retrieve data (You need to know the relational schema) Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  7. ebXML Registry Semantic Support Summary (I) • Through the constructs provided in an ebXML registry, it is possible to define: • Classes and class hierarchies • Properties through “slot” mechanism • Properties of classes through predefined association types • Predefined associations can be extended • Group registry objects Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  8. ebXML Registry Semantic Support Summary (II) • All this information is stored in the registry, and • Can be used to relate registry items with one another • Can OWL ontologies be stored in ebXML registries through ebXML registry constructs? • We will give it a try! Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  9. ebXML Registry Semantic Constructs: References • ebXML, http://www.ebxml.org/ • ebXML Registry Information Model v2.5, http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/regrep/ documents/2.5/specs/ebRIM.pdf • ebXML Registry Services Specification v2.5, http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/regrep/ documents/2.5/specs/ebRIM.pdf • freebXML Registry Open Source Project, http://ebxmlrr.sourceforge.net Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  10. Outline… • Semantics in ebXML registries • ebXML Registry Semantic Constructs • A brief introduction to OWL • Mapping OWL constructs to ebXML registry • Making ebXML registries OWL aware • Exploiting ebXML registry semantics in the healthcare domain Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  11. Web Ontology Language: OWL Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  12. Ontology Languages and OWL DAML:Darpa Agent Markup Language OIL: Ontology Inference Layer (European Commission Project) DAML+OIL RDF (Resource Description Framework) OWL: Web Ontology Language (Being Standardized by W3C) Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  13. OWL = RDF Schema + more • All of the elements/attributes provided by RDF and RDF Schema can be used when creating an OWL document • OWL classes permit much greater expressiveness than RDF Schema classes • Consequently, OWL has created their own Class, owl:Class Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  14. OWL Classes • Ministry of Interior has defined ontologies for their information in OWL • For example: <owl:Class rdf:ID=“Crimes"> </owl:Class> <owl:Class rdf:ID=“Robbery"> <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Crimes"/> </owl:Class> … <owl:Class rdf:ID=“Speeding"> <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Crimes"/> </owl:Class> Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  15. suspect Robbery Speeding Crimes Thief Speeder Literal OWL Properties description <owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:ID=“description"> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Crime"/> <rdfs:range rdf:resource=“http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#Literal"/> </owl:DatatypeProperty > <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID=“suspect"> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Robbery"/> <rdfs:range rdf:resource=“#Thief> </owl:ObjectProperty > <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID=“driver"> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Speeding"/> <rdfs:range rdf:resource=“#Speeder"/> </owl:ObjectProperty > driver Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  16. An Example (From Ref 3) • Finger prints from a robbery scene identified John Smith as the suspect • Here is the police report on the robbery: <Robbery rdf:ID="report-2004-07-27-xyz"> <description>...</description> <suspect> <Thief rdf:about="http://www.ministryOfInterior.gov/criminals#John_Smith"/> </suspect> </Robbery> Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  17. An Example (Continued) • Later in the day a police gives a person a ticket for speeding • The driver's license showed the name John Doe • Here is the police report on the speeder: <Speeding rdf:ID="report-2004-07-27-abc"> <description>...</description> <driver> <Speeder rdf:about="http://www.ministryOfInterior/criminals#John_Doe"/> </driver> </Speeding> Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  18. Any Relationship between the Thief and the Speeder? Ministry of Interior keeps the OWL descriptions of their files: <Criminals rdf:about=" http://www.ministryOfInterior/criminals#John_Doe"> <owl:sameAsrdf:resource=" http://www.ministryOfInterior.gov/criminals#John_Smith"/> </Criminals> Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  19. Thief John Smith owl:sameAs Speeder John Doe An Example OWL Reasoning (Continued) • OWL provides a property (owl:sameAs) for indicating that two resources (e.g., two people) are the same Inference: The Thief and the Speeder are one and the same! Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  20. OWL Summary • OWL is an Ontology Specification Language • It is build on RDF with DAML+OIL experience • OWL has more expressive power than RDF such as: • Boolean Combinations of Class Expressions (unionOf, intersectionOf, complementOf, …) • Several Types of Properties (Transitive, Functional, Symmetric, …) • Equivalence or disjointness of classes Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  21. OWL: References (I) • OWL Web Ontology Language Reference: http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-ref/ • Costello, R. L., Jacobs, D. B., OWL Web Ontology Language, www.racai.ro/EUROLAN-2003/html/presentations/JamesHendler/owl/OWL.ppt • Costello, R. L., Jacobs, D. B., A Quick Introduction to OWL Web Ontology Language, www.daml.org/meetings/2003/05/SWMU/briefings/ 08_Tutorial_D.ppt Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  22. OWL: References (II) • Antoniou, G., Harmalen, F., “Web Ontology Language: OWL”, in Handbook on Ontologies, Springer, 2004 • Horrocks, I., “DAML+OIL: A Description Logic for the Semantic Web”, IEEE Data Engineering Bulletin, Vol. 25, No. 1, March 2000 • McGuinness, D., Harmelen, F.,OWL Web Ontology Language Overview, http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features/ • Smith, M., Welty, C., McGuinnes, D., OWL Web Ontology Language Guide, http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-guide/ Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  23. Outline… • Semantics in ebXML registries • ebXML Registry Semantic Constructs • A brief introduction to OWL • Mapping OWL constructs to ebXML registry • Making ebXML registries OWL aware • Exploiting ebXML registry semantics in the healthcare domain Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  24. The Basic Ideas in Mapping OWL Constructs to ebXML Classification Hierarchies • Mapping OWL classes→ ebXML Classification Nodes • Mapping OWL Datatype properties → ebXML Slots • Mapping OWL Object properties → ebXML Association Types • Mapping the relationships between properties (such as “rdfs:subPropertyOf”)→ Associations between associations • Using existing Association Types when available • E.g. “owl:equivalentClass”→ ebXML Predefined Association Type “EquivalentTo” • Creating new Association Types when necessary Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  25. OWL Classes and RDF Properties → ebXML RIM OWL: <owl:Class rdf:ID=“Dermatology"> <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="# ClinicalDomain"/> </owl:Class> <owl:Class rdf:ID=“DermatologyField"> <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#ClinicalDomain"/> </owl:Class> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID=“equivalentTo"> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Dermatology"/> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="# DermatologyField"/> </owl:ObjectProperty> OWL classes → ebXML ClassificationNodes OWL properties → ebXML new Association Types Example: Dermatology ObjectProperty: equivalentTo Dermatology Field Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  26. Clinical Domain Dermatology Dermatology Field OWL Classes and RDF Properties → ebXML RIM • OWL classes → ClassificationNodes • OWL Properties → ebXML new Associations Types • Example: ebXML RIM: <rim:ClassificationNode id = ‘Dermatology‘ parent= 'ClinicalDomain'> <rim:Name> <rim:LocalizedString value = “Dermatology"/> </rim:Name> </rim:ClassificationNode> <rim:ClassificationNode id = ' Dermatology Field‘ parent= ‘ClinicalDomain'> <rim:Name> <rim:LocalizedString value = “Dermatology Field"/> </rim:Name> </rim:ClassificationNode> <rim:Association id = 'promotion‘ associationType = ‘ObjectProperty' sourceObject = 'Dermatology' targetObject = ‘Dermatology Field' > <rim:Name> <rim:LocalizedString value = “equivalentTo"/> </rim:Name> </rim:Association> Association of type “ObjectProperty”: equivalentTo Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  27. Summary - Mapping OWL constructs to ebXML registry (I) • OWL constructs can be mapped ebXML Registry semantic constructs • Ontologies can play two major roles in ebXML registry: • One is to provide a source of shared and precisely defined terms which can be used to dynamically discover objects in the registry • The other is to reason about the ontologies Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  28. Summary - Mapping OWL constructs to ebXML registry (II) • When an ontology language like OWL is mapped to a class hierarchy like the one in ebXML, the first role can directly be achieved • However, for the second role, the reasoners can not directly run on the ebXML class hierarchy Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  29. Summary - Mapping OWL constructs to ebXML registry (III) • Some OWL constructs are for reasoners to use them • The fact is that we do not have industrial strength reasoners yet! • Semantic can also be taken advantage of through querying • This work is realized within the scope of IST 2104 SATINE project supported by the European Commission and details are available at: • Dogac, A., Kabak, Y., Laleci, G., “Enriching ebXML Registries with OWL Ontologies for Efficient Service Discovery”, in Proc. of RIDE'04, Boston, March 2004,http://www.srdc.metu.edu.tr/webpage/publications/ • IST 2104 SATINE projecthttp://www.srdc.metu.edu.tr/webpage/projects/satine/ Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  30. Outline… • Semantics in ebXML registries • ebXML Registry Semantic Constructs • A brief introduction to OWL • Mapping OWL constructs to ebXML registry • Making ebXML registries OWL aware • Exploiting ebXML registry semantics in the healthcare domain Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  31. Making ebXML registries OWL aware • As already demonstrated OWL constructs can be mapped to ebXML registry information model constructs • In this process, the ebXML Registry architecture is not modified • In this way, the semantic explicitly stored in the registry can be retrieved through querying Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  32. Making ebXML registries OWL aware • For example, “subClassOf” association is defined in ebXML registry to express “multiple inheritance” • Yet to make any use of this semantics, the user must code the query, say, to find out all the super classes of a given class • An improvement: The code to process the OWL semantics can be stored in ebXML registry architecture through predefined procedures Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  33. Central Nervous System Surgery Field NeuroSurgery The following generic stored procedure can be used whenever necessary! ClassificationNode(…, id, objectType, code, parent, path) Association(…, id, objectType, associationType, sourceObject, targetObject, isConfirmedBySourceOwner, isConfirmedByTargetOwner) Name_(charset, lang, value, parent) … CREATE PROCEDURE findSuperClasses($className) AS BEGIN SELECT C2.id FROM Association A, Name_ N, ClassificationNode C1, ClassificationNode C2 WHERE A.associationType LIKE 'subClassOf' AND C1.id = N.parent AND N.value LIKE $className AND A.sourceObject = C1.id AND A.targetObject = C2.id END; … Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  34. The following generic stored procedure can be used to find the object properties of a given class CREATE PROCEDURE findObjectProperties($className) AS BEGIN SELECT A.id FROM Association A, Name_ N, ClassificationNode C WHERE A.associationType LIKE 'objectProperty' AND C.id = N.parent AND N.value LIKE $className AND A.sourceObject = C.id END; ClassificationNode(…, id, objectType, code, parent, path) Association(…, id, objectType, associationType, sourceObject, targetObject, isConfirmedBySourceOwner, isConfirmedByTargetOwner) Name_(charset, lang, value, parent) By using such stored procedures some of the OWL semantics can be extracted from the ebXML registry! Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  35. Making ebXML registries OWL aware • How about reasoning? • Reasoning entails the derivation of new data that is not directly stored in the registry • To deduce this data, rules need to be stored in the registry • However, this approach requires considerable changes in the registry architecture and brings about the efficiency considerations of rule based systems Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  36. Making ebXML registries OWL aware: Summary • After mapping OWL constructs to ebXML Registry, the Registry can be enhanced with stored procedures to support the processing required by the OWL constructs • This work is realized within the scope of IST 2104 SATINE project supported by the European Commission and details are available at: • A. Dogac, Y. Kabak, G. B. Laleci, C. Mattocks, F. Najmi, J. Pollock, "Enhancing ebXML Registries to Make them OWL Aware", Distributed and Parallel Databases Journal, Springer, Vol. 18, No. 1, July 2005, pp. 9-36. (Science Citation Index Expanded, Impact Factor: 00.897). http://www.srdc.metu.edu.tr/webpage/publications/ • IST 2104 SATINE project http://www.srdc.metu.edu.tr/webpage/projects/satine/ Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  37. Outline… • Semantics in ebXML registries • ebXML Registry Semantic Constructs • A brief introduction to OWL • Mapping OWL constructs to ebXML registry • Making ebXML registries OWL aware • Exploiting ebXML registry semantics in the healthcare domain Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  38. A Brief Introduction to Integrating Healthcare Enterprise (IHE)– Cross Enterprise Document Sharing (XDS) Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  39. IHE - XDS • In the IHE XDS Profile, healthcare enterprises that agree to work together for clinical document sharing form an “XDS Affinity Domain“ • Such institutes agree on a common set of policies such as how the patients are identified, the access is controlled, and the common set of coding terms to represent the metadata of the documents • In IHE XDS, the ebXML repository is used for storing the clinical documents in a persistent manner • The metadata stored at the ebXML registry is used to facilitate the discovery of the documents Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  40. ebXML Registry An XDS Affinity Domain 3. Query Document Consumer 2. Register • Provide & • Register Document Source Document Repository 4. Retrieve An IHE XDS Affinity Domain Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  41. Exchanging Documents between different XDS Domains • However since patients expect their records to follow them as they move from one XDS affinity domain to another, there is a need for the clinical affinity domains to be federated, that is, they should be able to exchange information • Main difficulties in doing this: • Different Coding terms can be used in different XDS domains… • Different Patient identifiers may be used… • … Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  42. IHE XDS Metadata • XDS specifies a set of predefined metadata elements to be associated with XDS documents, submission sets and folders to facilitate their discovery • Some of the metadata elements are straightforward document properties such as “authorDepartment" or “creationTime” • Healthcare domain specific semantics is provided only through “classCode”s • A “classCode” is represented as an External Classification in ebXML registry Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  43. Example Metadata Representations in ebXML Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  44. ebXML Registry XDS Affinity Domain A 3. Query Document Consumer 2. Register • Provide & • Register Document Source Document Repository 4. Retrieve ebXML Registry XDS Affinity Domain B 3. Query Document Consumer 2. Register • Provide & • Register Document Source Document Repository 4. Retrieve “NeuroSurgery" documents are coded in UMLS with : “CentralNervousSystem” (C1269563) and “Surgery” (C0543467) Federated XDS Query and Retrieve “NeuroSurgery" Documents From XDS Domain B “NeuroSurgery" Documents are coded inLOINC code “34797-1” Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  45. Clinical Domain Clinical Domain Field Organ Systems Surgery Central Nervous System Neurosurgery Dermatology Field Surgery Field Dermatology Intersection Of EquivalentClass Example Clinical Domain Ontologies These OWL ontologies are stored to and queried from ebXML registries as described Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  46. ebXML Registry XDS Affinity Domain A 3. Query Document Consumer 2. Register • Provide & • Register Document Source Document Repository 4. Retrieve ebXML Registry XDS Affinity Domain B 3. Query Document Consumer 2. Register • Provide & • Register Document Source Document Repository 4. Retrieve “NeuroSurgery" documents are coded in UMLS with : “CentralNervousSystem” (C1269563) and “Surgery” (C0543467) Semantic Mediation… Query and Retrieve “NeuroSurgery" Documents From XDS Domain B OWL Mapping Tool “NeuroSurgery" Documents are coded inLOINC code “34797-1” Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  47. OWL Mapping Tool (OWLmt) • Latest version of OWLmt tool is available as open source at Sourceforge repository under Mozilla Public Licence. (http://sourceforge.net/projects/owlmt) • You can download source code of OWLmt tool by using a CVS client with the following parameters: Server: cvs.sourceforge.net Repository Folder: /cvsroot/owlmt Protocol: pserver Username: anonymous Module Name: OWLmt Veli Bicer at veli@srdc.metu.edu.tr can be contacted for further info on OWLmt Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  48. Summary: Using ebXML Registry Semantics in the Healthcare Domain • ebXML registry semantics support mechanisms can be very useful • Here, a case related with IHE XDS is presented • This work is achieved within the scope of the IST 2103 Artemis project and the details are available at: • Dogac, A., Laleci, G., Aden, T., Eichelberg M., "Enhancing IHE XDS for Federated Clinical Affinity Domain Support", submitted for publication • Artemis project http://www.srdc.metu.edu.tr/webpage/projects/artemis/ Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  49. Conclusions… • ebXML Registry offers semantic constructs • It will be beneficial to use these semantic constructs to improve real world applications • An example from eHealth domain is presented Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

  50. Thank you... Questions? Ontolog Forum, February 9, 2006

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