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Civil Rights Movement Led to Change

Civil Rights Movement Led to Change. James Baldwin. De jure segregation – “Jim Crow” By law De facto segregation – “In fact” Ghettos in the North – housing, education, jobs Notes of a Native Son – 1955 essays Warned that violence would erupt. Brown v. Board of Education 1954.

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Civil Rights Movement Led to Change

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  1. Civil Rights Movement Led to Change

  2. James Baldwin • De jure segregation – “Jim Crow” • By law • De facto segregation – “In fact” • Ghettos in the North – housing, education, jobs • Notes of a Native Son – 1955 essays • Warned that violence would erupt

  3. Brown v. Board of Education 1954

  4. School Integration

  5. Thurgood Marshall

  6. Emmett Till • August 1955 • 14yo brutally murdered in Money, MS • Beaten, eye gouged out, shot in the head, body dumped in the Tallahatchie River

  7. Buried in Chicago • Thousands viewed his casket • “Jet” magazine published the picture • At the trial his uncle testified – • Carolyn Bryant (22yo) lied • Roy Bryant and J.W. Milam found “not guilty”

  8. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v8QXNyCvDP4 The Death of Emmett Till

  9. CORE Congress of Racial Equality

  10. Rosa Parks

  11. December 1 – 1955 – Montgomery, AL Rosa Parks - educated – seamstress – NAACP member – soft spoken Perfect person for E.D. Nixon – head of the NAACP Boycott – takes the case to the Supreme Court Led by Martin Luther King (only 27) Rosa parks - montgomery

  12. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

  13. Mahatma Gandhi “An eye for an eye leaves the whole world blind.”

  14. Henry David Thoreau Civil Disobedience

  15. SNCC Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

  16. SCLC Southern Christian Leadership Conference

  17. Central High School Little Rock, AR – Sep 1957 “Little Rock 9” attempt to enter – Governor Orval Faubus denies them (National Guard) Eisenhower – 101st Airborne paratroopers

  18. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oodolEmUg2g

  19. Medgar Evers leader in NAACP

  20. June 12, 1963 - Medgar Evers – shot in the back in his driveway (1917 Enfield rifle) - had NAACP T-shirts “Jim Crow Must Go” Byron De La Beckwith – KKK – arrested – tried 2 times – deadlocked jury 1994 – 30 years later – tried again and found guilty (died in prison at 80 in 2001)

  21. 1960 – Sit-ins Most famous – Greensboro, North Carolina – Woolworth’s drug store Students from N.Carolina State University Movement spread to 54 cities in 9 states

  22. 1960 Election Richard Nixon (Rep) against John Fitzgerald Kennedy (Dem) 1st televised debate JFK receives 70% of black vote VERY close election – JFK wins!!!!

  23. #35 – John F. Kennedy (D) • Youngest elected president – 43 • 1st Catholic to be elected • 1st televised debate – he “rocked” • Famous quote – “Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country” • Married Jackie – fashionable, young – went to Broadway, gave great parties • Was a Navy war hero – PT109

  24. Freedom Rides 1961 – CORE organized white and black students Aim – desegregating public transportation throughout the South Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) – prohibits segregated facilities

  25. James Meredith 1st black to attend University of Mississippi – 1962 Inspired by JFK Air Force vet – excellent student Governor tried to stop him – Kennedy sent in troops Rioting Graduated August 1963

  26. Dog attacks young man in Birmingham

  27. June 11, 1963 – University of Alabama

  28. University of AlabamaJune 1963 • Governor George Wallace – “Segregation Now! Segregation tomorrow! Segregation forever!” • JFK – National Guard troops – forced integration (Vivian Malone and James Hood) Wallace sucumbs to pressure (fines)

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