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Chapter 15

Chapter 15. Classification of Matter. Sec. 1 Composition of Matter. All materials are either made of pure substances or mixtures. Substance —an element or compound. Element —a substance with atoms that are all alike Ex. Carbon (C) & Magnesium (Mg) You can find them on the periodic table!!

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Chapter 15

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  1. Chapter 15 Classification of Matter

  2. Sec. 1 Composition of Matter • All materials are either made of pure substances or mixtures. • Substance—an element or compound. • Element—a substance with atoms that are all alike • Ex. Carbon (C) & Magnesium (Mg) • You can find them on the periodic table!! • Compound—a substance that contains 2 or more elements combined chemically. • Ex. Table salt (NaCl) & Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)

  3. Mixtures • Mixture—a material made of 2 or more substances that can be separated physically. • There are 2 types of mixtures: heterogeneous and homogeneous. • Heterogeneous Mixture—different materials can be distinguished easily. • Ex. Pizza, salad, chocolate chip cookies (mmm) • Homogeneous Mixture—substances are blended evenly throughout. • Ex. Pop, vinegar • A homogeneous mixture is also called a solution.

  4. Colloids & Suspensions • Colloid—a type of mixture that never settles. • Ex. Paint & fog • A colloid is not the same as a solution • Colloids often appear foggy • If you shine a light on a colloid, you can see the light reflected from the colloid. • Suspension—a heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid in which visible particles settle. • Ex. Mud in a pond & river deltas

  5. How to Classify Matter Element Substance Compound Matter Heterogeneous Mixture Homogeneous or solution On Periodic table Ex. Water= h20 *suspension *colloid

  6. Sec. 2: Properties of Matter • Physical Properties—any characteristic of a material that you observe without changing its substances. • Ex. Color, shape, size, melting & boiling point • Some physical properties describe behavior. • Magnetism, conduct electricity, viscosity, dissolving. • You can separate mixtures using physical properties. • Size, color, magnetism, etc.

  7. Physical Changes/Chemical Properties • Physical change—a change in size, shape, or state of matter (solid, liquid, gas) • The identity of the substance doesn’t change. • Ex. Freezing, ripping, folding, dissolving. • Chemical Property—a characteristic of a substance that tells if it can undergo a certain chemical change. • Ex. Flammability, reaction to light

  8. Chemical Properties & Changes • Chemical Change—a change of 1 substance to another. • Ex. Rotten eggs, rust, burning. • Detecting Chemical Changes: • Odor, heat, light, sound, release gas (bubbles), • Separating Substances: • Ex. Cleaning tarnished silver, purifying metals. • A chemical change will change the substances, so it cannot be used to separate a mixture.

  9. Weathering • Weathering is how Earth’s surface changes. • Weathering is a result of both physical & chemical changes. • Physical: ice wedging (ice in cracks expands & breaks the rocks), & streams cut through softer rock. • Chemical: limestone dissolves in acidic ground water (canyons & caves are formed this way)

  10. Conservation of Mass • Law of Conservation of Mass—the mass of all substances before a chemical or physical change equals the mass of all substances after the change. • In other words: mass is neither created or destroyed during any chemical or physical change.

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