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Completing Photosynthesis

Completing Photosynthesis. Single most important event for the evolution of life Geological Formation Fossil Fuels Green Energy Biodiesal Solar energy Ethanol Food and Medicine. Completing Photosynthesis & Respiration. Assembly line economics and production

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Completing Photosynthesis

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  1. Completing Photosynthesis • Single most important event for the evolution of life • Geological Formation • Fossil Fuels • Green Energy • Biodiesal • Solar energy • Ethanol • Food and Medicine

  2. Completing Photosynthesis & Respiration • Assembly line economics and production • How can two separate processes be linked and influence each other? • Extend to • Light Independent Reactions & Calvin Cycle • Citric Acid Cycle & Electron Transport

  3. Adaptive Value of SeedsKindergartners is Disguise • Miniature plant with arrested growth • Resistant to cold, drought, heat, and time • Dispersal structure • Dormant—very slow respiration, 5-20 %water • Food to begin life

  4. Germination-a controlled event timed to favorable environmental conditions • BREAKING DORMANCY • Cold—temperate zone • Acid—animal gut • Rain—wash chemical inhibitors for desert seeds • Mechanical abrasion • Fire or really smoke

  5. Germination Sequence • Imbibition of water • Activation of cell machinery (enzymes) • Division and enlargement of root meristematic cells • Emergence of radicle Radicle Cotyledons—seed leaves

  6. Bean—a typical dicot Radicle emergence Hypocotyl protection of meristem Cotyledons-seed leaves

  7. Corn—a typical monocot

  8. Fig. 25.6

  9. Root-Cap • Protects apical meristem-production of MUCIGEL • Dessication • Abrasion • Microbial protection • Sensory-gravity Fig. 25.4

  10. Region of Root Tip Cell Division Elongation Maturation Maturation & Differentiation Cell Elongation Plastid Development Cell Differentiation Secondary cell wall formation in some cells Root hair formation Root Development

  11. Fig. 25.9

  12. Fig. 25.10

  13. Xylem Fig. 25.10

  14. Epidermis Protection & water/mineral uptake Root hairs Cortex—storage Endodermis—innermost layer of cortex Casparian strip is waxy layer of cell wall in endodermis—controls movement of water into vascular cylinder Vascular cylinder Vascular tissues Phloem—carbohydrate movement Xylem—water & mineral movement Broyles-remember 2°CW Pericycle—dedifferentiation and branch root formation Mature Root Tissueschalkboard illustrations

  15. Branch root formation from pericycle. Figure 25-18

  16. Branch root formation from pericycle. Figure 25-18

  17. Some monocot roots have a pith within the vascular cylinder. Fig. 25-11

  18. Flowering Plant Groups • Monocots • Leaves without petiole • Leaves with parallel veins • Seeds with single cotyledon • No woody growth • Flower parts in 3’s • Grasses, orchids, lilies, tulip, ginger, sugarcane, pineapple

  19. Flowering Plant Groups • Dicots • Leaves with petiole • Leaves with net veins • Seeds with two cotyledons • Some with woody growth • Flower parts in 4’s or 5’s • Apple, oak, snapdragon, tomato, beans, eucalyptus

  20. Orchids *tropical epiphytes- attach to bark of tropical trees high in the canopy *bizarre plants with unusual Pollination syndromes *orchid collecting- prestige, status symbol

  21. Photosynthetic Roots of Orchids *roots anchor orchid to tree *dry environment in tree tops, so orchid epiphytes are like succulents growing on trees

  22. The Ghost OrchidPolyradicon • “The Orchid Thief” book • by Susan Orlean • “Adaptation”—movie • starring Nicholas Cage & Meryl Streep

  23. The Ghost OrchidPolyradicon • Ghost Orchid of bald cypress hummocks in Everglades does not have photosynthetic leaves • “The Orchid Thief” book by Susan Orlean • “Adaptation”—movie starring Nicholas Cage & Meryl Streep

  24. Buttressed Roots on Tropical Trees *tall tropical forest trees *buttressed roots add mass to anchor tree to shallow tropical soils

  25. Strangler Figs (Ficus) *plants form in tropical forest canopy *roots grow from the canopy to the ground and form a strangling net around the support tree.

  26. Bald Cypress “Knees” or Pneumatophores -adapted to inundated environments -roots require oxygen for respiration; and need to remove carbon dioxide Cypress Knees “breathing” roots???

  27. Black Mangrove Pneumatophores

  28. Contractile Roots of Plants with Underground Stems Trillium erectum

  29. Yellow Birch Goodnow Mtn-Adirondacks Chris Broyles-2003

  30. Cory Broyles-2003 Hemlock Roots

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