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HDTV-Technology and Trends

HDTV-Technology and Trends. By C K Jain Station Engineer, DDK Delhi. High Definition Television. HDTV allows production and broadcast of TV signals with much higher visual information than traditional standards like PAL and NTSC.

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HDTV-Technology and Trends

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  1. HDTV-Technology and Trends By C K Jain Station Engineer, DDK Delhi

  2. High Definition Television • HDTV allows production and broadcast of TV signals with much higher visual information than traditional standards like PAL and NTSC. • High definition television is the highest form of digital television and is therefore the best available picture on a television. • It has the aspect ratio same as a movie theater screen. This is possibly HD’s biggest selling point. The other is the resolution.

  3. HDTV Features Up to five times the resolution of SDTV. Wider Aspect Ratio of 16:9. Film like picture quality comparable to 35mm film. Supports 5.1 channel surround sound. HDTV is a subset of Digital television.

  4. SDTV Vs. HDTV

  5. Marked Difference? HDTV SDTV HDTV SDTV

  6. HDTV Advantages? • Clarity: The digital signal is crystal clear and noise-free. • Sharpness: In addition to clarity, HDTV provides a more intense viewing experience just like a digital cinema. The highest resolution HDTV format has approximately 2 million pixels compared to ½ million in SDTV. • Wide Screen Picture: The aspect ratio is 16:9 thus making the image looks "movie-like“. Besides conventional TV sets, HDTV can be enjoyed on larger size Plasma TV, LCD screen and even on projection TVs. TV can now be viewed with lesser distance thanks to high resolution. • Digital Sound: HDTV’s digital audio sounds better, just like digital CD. It uses Dolby digital sound used on DVDs. • Repurposing: Producing today in HDTV allows you to future protect your investment. It will add years of shelf life and sales possibilities to your programs.

  7. HDTV Advantages? • HD is enhancing the value of the content. • It is high quality in digital and it provides content creators and distributors a lot more flexibility to create high quality competitive content. • Before HD digital TV formats, the only option for high quality content was film, which is expensive to shoot, produce and distribute, and cumbersome to handle.

  8. HDTV Formats • Until now, the world has been used to two basic picture formats, 525/59.94 and 625/50, both with 2:1 interlace. • Our lives would have been simpler if a single format was adopted worldwide. • However, this is not to be; standards are multiple & complex. • The next generation of formats have been determined by the compatibility with the existing systems, technical issues and political factors.

  9. DVB Picture Formats SDTV SDTV 720 x 576 4:3 720 x 576 16:9 50i 50i EDTV HDTV 960 x 576 16:9 1920 x 1080 16:9 50i 50i

  10. ATSC Picture Formats HDTV 1920 x 1080 16:9 1280 x 720 16:9 3 Picture Formats 24P, 30P, 60i 3 Picture Formats 24P, 30P, 60P SDTV 704 x 480 16:9 704 x 480 4:3 640 x 480 4:3 4 Picture Formats 24P, 30P, 60i, 60P 4 Picture Formats 24P, 30P, 60i, 60P 4 Picture Formats 24P, 30P, 60i, 60P

  11. HDTV Formats • 1080i1080i format is the picture with 1080 vertical lines, each with 1920 pixels horizontally. It uses interlaced scanning , like traditional TV. Interlaced scanning is based on the principle that the screen shows every odd line at one scan of the screen and then all the even lines in a second scan. • 1080p1080p format is the picture with 1080 vertical lines with 1920 pixels in each horizontal line and p stands for progressive scanning. • 720p720p format makes a picture with 720 vertical lines, each with 1280 pixels horizontally. It also uses progressive scanning, like computers, which sends a complete picture 50 frames per second. It provides the smoothest possible motion rendition, but does not have as much resolution as 1080i.

  12. HDTV Image Quality • The best image in SD format is 720x576 totaling 4,14,720 pixels. HDTV on the other hand has sampling structure of 1920x1080 with total pixels 20,73, 600. • Thus, HDTV has five times more samples than SDTV. This makes it great viewing experience on normal wider screen. • On the other hand, five times greater pixels can be mobilized to support much larger and wider screen with the same or more resolution per square inch.

  13. HDTV Carriage • HDTV can be carried on all available platforms i.e. Cable, Satellite, Terrestrial and IPTV. • But the bandwidth requirement is high. • HD signal can be distributed on digital cable with larger bandwidth. • HDTV can also be carried on Digital Terrestrial Transmitter (DTT). • Satellite transponders need more than 3 times bandwidth.

  14. HDTV at Homes • HDTV is best viewed on HDTV receiver. • HD receivers come with separate receiver box or an integrated receiver box. • The existing TVs can also receive HDTV signals with receiver boxes. • HD ready Plasma and LCD monitors are easily available and prices are falling rapidly.

  15. HD Production • Program production will require equipment which are format specific or support multiple format as most picture formats are not directly compatible or interchangeable. • System design needs to accommodate camera, storage/recording and editing equipment that are specific to picture and sound formats with the connectivity requirement. • A common production format from which all other formats could be output would be the ideal solution.

  16. HD Production in SD environment • For compatibility with the existing HDTV formats, production at the site is done mainly in 1080i HDTV format, with surround sound audio. • HD cameras shoot the event in 16:9 aspect ratio but protected for 4:3. • The incoming HD signal is split. One HD copy is down converted to 576i SD and then routed to the existing production and play-out facility to be integrated into regular transmission. • The other HD split goes to a simple HD master control room for preserving the master copy or for HDTV broadcast.

  17. Capturing & Creation @1920x1080 1920 x 1080 High Resolution Real-Time Imaging @1080/24p/25p/30p Progressive @1080/60i, 50i Interlace Broadcast Live Show Sports Event News Drama, Documentary Movie Making

  18. 3/2 Pull-down 1080/60 i 3/2 Pull-down + Line conversion 720/60P 60Hz Area 3/2 Pull-down + Line conversion 480/60P 3/2 Pull-down + Line conversion 480/60 i 25P Playback 1080/50 i 25P Playback + Line conversion 50Hz Area 625/50 i 1080/24P Digital acquisition Film recording Film Theaters Film Format Conversion from 1080/24P Master 24P Original Camera Negative 1080/24P Telecine transfer 1080/24P Program mastering 1080/24P Master tape

  19. Constraints Despite obvious advantages, transmission requires extraordinary bandwidth of more than three times the capacity of a conventional TV signal. TV receivers are estimated to be 30% more expensive than today's most costly sets. Compatibility of HDTV transmission with the current receivers.

  20. HD Trends in Global Perspective

  21. Global Presence • Japan, USA, Korea, Australia have already commenced HD production and transmission. • Europe has been a late starter, but the HD momentum is catching speed. • Asian countries like China, Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong are expected to adopt HD soon in near future.

  22. HD -- Evolution • Academically, French "755i" 819-line is the first HDTV system ; in B/W and ceased to exist in mid 1980. • Japan pioneered HDTV, commenced broadcast in 1998. 15 HD channels in operation. • USA and Australia also adopted HDTV very early. • CHINA-HDTV productivity activity started from 2000 onwards. First HDTV channel launched by CCTV early 2006. Olympics 2008-full coverage planned in HDTV. • USA-HDTV sets outsold conventional TV sets in 2006.

  23. Current Trends • 24p HD format has been widely accepted as a universally mastering format. • Material can be converted to virtually any HD or SD format for broadcasting, archiving, DVD mastering and numerous similar applications. • HD equipment are easily available.

  24. Current Trends • Consumers drive the market not the technology. • Quality is superior but the cost is the consideration in Indian market. • This is why, HDTV is being used in niche programming like Science programs, sports events, classic dramas, Medical applications etc. • DVD is giving a taste of quality to viewers. • This may ultimately pave the way for the TV industry to adopt HDTV in other countries including India.

  25. Technology Support to HD • Advancement in the compression technology has halved the required transmission bandwidth. • Real-time HD encoders for MPEG-4 AVC and Windows Media 9 have been developed which are bandwidth efficient. • This will enable the broadcaster to squeeze an extra HD channel in the satellite transponder, add HD in the existing cable services or make HD reality in the digital terrestrial.

  26. Chain reaction • Major sports channels go HDTV. • Build-out of production trucks and studios. • More affordable HD equipment. • People buy HDTV sets to see sports. • Other specialty channels follow suit. • Price of flat-screens falling rapidly. • Introduction of HD DVDs. • Cable/DTH motivated to carry HDTV. • Network TV gets serious about HDTV, and local broadcasters increase HDTV content. • Consumers are key.

  27. Present HD Status • 2m ‘HD Ready’ Households already in Europe. • By 2010, 50m ‘HD Ready’ TV sets in Europe. • 100 HD channels expected in Europe by 2010. • HD broadcasts already available in 12 countries, USA, Canada, Japan, Australia, South Korea, China, Germany, Austria, Sweden, Finland, Denmark and Norway.

  28. Present HD Status As of mid-2006, the US and Japan accounted for 91% of all worldwide HDTV households. Other countries with significant numbers of HDTV households include Canada, Australia, and South Korea.The number of worldwide HDTV households is expected to spike over the next few years as new markets for HD services, particularly in Europe, open up. By the end of 2009, it is projected that the number of HDTV households will exceed 55 million.

  29. High Definition for Sports • Sports has been driving force for HD for broadcasters. • All Olympic Games and Soccer World cups will be produced and broadcast in HD. • FIFA 2006 World cup, Germany-New HD service launched by many broadcasters. • Doha Asian Games were also partly covered in HD. • All ICC tournaments to be covered in HD. • 2010 Commonwealth Games to be partly produced in HD.

  30. HDTV in Indian Perspective

  31. HDTV in India • India has all potential HDTV carriage platforms i.e. DTTB, Digital Cable and Satellite including DTH. • The sale of home theatre systems is rapidly increasing. • DVDs are already popular in the country and HD DVDs have also started coming. • Indians are sports crazy and will therefore drive the craze for HD quality.

  32. HDTV in India • Around 3lacs household HD ready in India; Projected number to be 3mn by 2010. • Major Production & Post-Production houses equipped & engaged in HD activities commercially of late. • Govt. organisations Rashtrapati Bhavan & Lok Sabha TV getting HD TV Studio chains. • HDTV is focus area of 11th five year Plan.

  33. HDTV in India • Doordarshan is taking up its pilot project. • HD equipment are available on hire. • CAS implementation is likely to act as catalytic for the growth of HD in India. • Growing National economy supportive of HD prospect.

  34. Prerequisites • A long term policy to be in place. • A single format to be adopted across the country. • Delivery methods and the requisite policies may also be put in place in time. • A consumer format for mass distribution of HDTV content must initially be accomplished over the air. • To begin with, delivery platforms may be initially decided for carrying the HDTV content.

  35. And the Flip Side of HD!!! • Sky News anchor had to get his hands waxed to avoid annoying view of his extra grown hairs. • Make-up artists have to revisit their skills to accommodate high resolution picture. • Scenic designers need to have fresh concepts for set-designs – little things in view would matter. • Glamour shows on HDTV call for a fitter and better shaped bodies to cause pleasing experience.

  36. Thank you

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