Human Biology (BIO.103 01 or 02 )

1. Human Biology (BIO.103 01 or 02) • Devotion / Prayer • Human Biology Lab (BIO.103L __ ) • I am Dr. Iclai !!! • Dr. Input connectedness learner achiever intellection • These are my top 5 strength themes from StrengthsFinder . . . . these are how I view and interact with the world. • I am also known as Dr. Robert West • Science Math Complex 303-B • 614-8294

2. Textbooks? • Lab? • Start Monday (1/17/11) at 10am  • Wednesday (1/19/11) at 1pm • Bring a 3-ring binder • Bring $5.00!!! • Course Web Page? • go to http://faculty.leeu.edu/~rwest/

3. Human Biology Web Page • What is the web page address? • p://faculty.leeu.edu/~rwest/ • BesureyouuseInternet Explorer - as Safari, Firefox, and potentially other web browsers, will NOT show the hyperlinks ! • There is an easier way to get there! • Go to the Lee University Homepage . . . • Assignment ? • Go to Web page . . . . . . . . . .

4. Human Biology Web Page • ASSIGNMENT : • Print1 copy of Course syllabus, 2 copies of the Schedule, 1 completed Student Information Form. • Write your name on each one. • Turn in Syllabus (stapled), 1 copy of Schedule, and the completed Student Information Form at our next class for “bonus points”. • Keep other copy of the Schedule for lab notebook in the first lab. (Bring to first lab with a 3-ring binder)

5. What helpful features are found in this book? SEE Textbook – inside front cover, Preface (p.viii), “Guided Tour” (p.xiv), and read Chapter 1 (p.1) • Who is this? • Billy Hanson • How would you know? • Only if you read the chapter introduction of the previous edition Chapter 1 Exploring Life and Science

6. Outline • The Characteristics of Life • Humans are Related to Other Animals • Science as a Process (Lab 1) • Importance of Scientific Theories in Biology • The Scientific Method Has Steps • How the Cause of Ulcers was Discovered • How to do a Controlled Study • Making Sense of Scientific Study • Science and Social Responsibility

7. CASE STUDY “Shane and Katie”

8. Introduction • Human Biology ? • comes from bios – life and logos – word (study of) • so it is the scientific study of life. • What is life? • What are the characteristics of life? • We have met Billy Hanson and the snake. • Are they both alive? Why?

9. Biologically Speaking - Who Are We? • What are the Characteristics of Life using human beings? * • Humans are highly 1organized. (Cell Theory) • Levels of organization . . . . • Organism is made of organ systems composed of organs, composed of tissues,composed of cells. (Transparency)

12. The Characteristics of Life • Humans acquire 2Materials and Energy. • Humans 3reproduce. • Humans 4grow and develop. . . . . • Infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood. • Humans stay just about the same – 5“Homeostasis” • “steady state” , “balanced state”. • Humans 6respond to stimuli.

13. Finally • Life has an 7evolutionary history. . . . . . or • humans adapt or are a product of an evolutionary process - • Theory (Principle) of Evolution. • Now, ALL the characteristics must be present to be alive! • Now, let’s look briefly at this Theory of Evolution and why it is significant for us in this class.

14. Evolution • What does the word mean? • Simply “change”. • Since the world around us changes, we know that evolution occurs . . . Lee, me, you • Some believe that the first cells arose about 3.5 billion years ago. • Classification of living things mirrors theorized evolutionary relationships. • In the Classification System, there are 3 domains. . . . . . . • There are 5 kingdoms.

15. ?

16. Kingdom Monera (monerans)

17. Humans are Members of the Biosphere or How Do We Fit In? • Humans are part of the biosphere and they are members of ecosystems because they interact within their own populations and within the larger community of organisms. • To understand man and his environment, we must understand some basic terms. . . . * • Biosphere? • That layer where life can exist around the earth. • Ecosystem? • Basic types of environments where life exists – examples?

18. Desert, savannah, tropical rain forest, deciduous forest, evergreen forest, coral reef . • Community? • A group of organisms that live in the same geographical area. • Population? • A group of organisms of the same species that live in the same geographical area. • Biodiversity? • The variety of life in a particular geographical area – where is it greatest on land, in the water?

19. Tropical rain forest (land) , coral reef (water). • Humans are members of ecosystems. • Organisms exist in populations that interact among themselves and the physical environment. • Ecosystems are characterized by energy flow and chemical cycling. • Driven by photosynthesis. • versus respiration.

20. Terrestrial Ecosystem Photo-synthesis (“light, to put together”) and Respiration (to make energy)

21. Human Threaten the Biosphere • Humans alter ecosystems to suit there own needs, disregarding consequences. • Planet’s current biodiversity is estimated between 2 and 15 million identified species. • # of different species alive today is the highest it has ever been! However . . . • as human populations increase in size, more ecosystems are threatened and rates of extinction increase. • Biodiversity is rapidly declining. • we are in a “biodiversity – reduction crisis”…

22. Loss of biodiversity threatens the stability of the entire biosphere because . . . . • The degrees of interdependence of species are not fully known!!! • Also, humans are dependent on other species for food, clothing, medicines, and various raw materials. • So ecosystem preservation is a crucial bioethical issue. • Of special concern is destruction of tropical rain forests around the globe. *

23. “Tropical Rain Forests: Can We Live Without Them?” From a past Ecology Focus

32. Value of Tropical Rain Forests? • Destruction of the Forests? • Effects of Destruction? • Millions of yet discovered species of organisms likely live in tropical rain forests. • Destruction of tropical rain forest results from social, economic, and political pressures, and is expected to alter world climate. • These forests can be preserved using sustained yield techniques!!!!!!!

33. Science as a Process • How might we define science? • is the study of the world around us. • God’s first command ! – see Genesis 1:28 • True science is concerned with information gained by observing and testing the natural world. • It aims to be objective rather than subjective. • Its conclusions are subject to change as . . . . . . • Progresses from hypothesis  theory  law (principle). • Two main characteristics: changeable, repeatable.

34. The Importance of Scientific Theories in Biology • Process vs. product . . . • Process? • The scientific method. • Product? • Knowledge. • The ultimate goal of science is understanding the natural world in terms of scientific theories (see Figure, p. 8 of text). • Evolution is a unifying concept of biology. • Some biologists elevate evolution to the status of a scientific principle.

36. The Scientific MethodHas Steps • “is a means to find the solution to a problem.” • Scientific Method has steps. • Observation. • Hypothesis. (“inductive reasoning” – specific to general) • Experimentation. (“deductive reasoning” – general to specific) • Conclusion. • Support/Fail to support hypothesis. • Hypothesis can never be proven true. • Publish Findings. • Repeatability.

37. “inductive reasoning” – specific to general. • “deductive reasoning” – general to specific. • Hypothesis can never be proven true. • Ultimately: publish findings.

38. How the Cause of Ulcers Was Discovered Be sure to read about this important example on page 8 of your textbook.

39. How to Do a Controlled Study • “a standard of comparison”. • “Test groups” vs. “control groups”. • Involves “experimental variable” vs. “dependent variables”. • How do these terms relate to the experiment described the textbook concerning the testing of the effectiveness of antibiotics on ulcers?

40. Scientific Journals Versus Other Sources of Information • What conclusions did you come to after reading this section of the textbook? Making Sense of a Scientific Study • What kinds of data can be given to support a study? • How does this apply to the study of ulcers by Dr. Marshall? • What else might a reader look for?

41. Historical Focus “The Syphilis Research Scandal of Tuskegee University”

42. Science and Social Responsibility • Science has improved our lives. • Science can produce potentially disastrous technologies. • Technology ? • is the application of scientific knowledge for the needs of society. • Science does not determine whether a particular technology is good or bad. • Ethical and moral use of scientific findings is the social responsibility of all people. • Judgments are subject to change!!!!!

43. BIOETHICAL FOCUS “QUARANTEENED … Could this happen to you?”

44. “End of Chapter Material” • Summarizing the Concepts • Understanding Key Terms • Testing Your Knowledge of the Concepts • Thinking Critically About the Concepts • Online Learning Center (see inside text cover) • Used with the PowerPoint Outlines, these can all be helpful BUT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • best is“Study Tips/Study Questions” before each chapter in the textbook.