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Securing the Republic

Securing the Republic. The Washington Presidency. April 30, 1789 Judiciary Act of 1789 Judicial review Hamilton’s “controversial” fiscal program: Tariff of 1789 Debt assumption and D.C. Bank of the United States “Report on Manufactures” & “infant industries”.

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Securing the Republic

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  1. Securing the Republic

  2. The Washington Presidency • April 30, 1789 • Judiciary Act of 1789 • Judicial review • Hamilton’s “controversial” fiscal program: • Tariff of 1789 • Debt assumption and D.C. • Bank of the United States • “Report on Manufactures” & “infant industries”

  3. Alexander Hamilton(ca. 1804) by John Trumbull

  4. The Washington Presidency • Whiskey Rebellion (1794) • 13,000 troops! • Preservation of the union & western boundary • Supremacy of national over local concerns • Now that they can tax, it will be collected! • http://gwpapers.virginia.edu/documents/whiskey/october.html • Disputes with Indians in the West • Battle of Fallen Timbers (Aug. 20, 1794) • Treaty of Greenville (1795)

  5. Washington Reviewing the Western Army at Fort Cumberland, MarylandFrancis/Frederick Kemmelmeyer, after 1794

  6. The Washington Presidency • Jay’s Treaty (1794) • British withdrawal by 1796 • Limited American trade with East & West Indies • “Most-favored-nation” status for both • Pinckney’s Treaty (1795) • Spain agreed to a boundary with U.S. • Spain agreed to open Mississippi to trade

  7. Conquest of the West

  8. GW’s Farewell Address (1796) • “Our detached and distant situation” invited the nation to “defy material injury from external annoyance.” • Why “entangle our peace and prosperity in the toils of European ambition, rivalship, interest, humor, or caprice?” • “The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is, in extending our commercial relations to have with them as little political connection as possible.”

  9. The Rise of Political Parties • Organized parties began to emerge because of differences over: • The Constitution • Commercial v. agrarian interests • Atlantic seaboard v. frontier interests • Anglophiles v. Francophiles

  10. Ratification of the Constitution

  11. The Rise of Political Parties • North Carolina political candidate: • “I am…the friend of order, of government, and of the present administration.” • New York editor: • “There are two parties at present in the United States, aristocrats, endeavoring to lay the foundations of monarchical government, and Republicans, the real supports of independence, friends to equal rights, and warm advocates of free elective government.”

  12. http://www.270towin.com/1796_Election/

  13. The Adams Presidency • The “Quasi-War” with France • The French suspended relations in 1796 • During the next two years, 300 American vessels and $20 million in cargo were seized. • XYZ Affair (1798) • http://www.williamreesecompany.com/shop/reeseco/WRCAM36986.html

  14. The Adams Presidency • Alien and Sedition Acts • Naturalization Act • Alien and Alien Enemies Act • Sedition Act • What would you expect the reaction to be to this legislation?

  15. The Adams Presidency • The Virginia and Kentucky Resolves • Written by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson (published anonymously). • The Alien and Sedition Acts “ought to produce universal alarm, because it is levelled against the right of freely examining public characters and measures, and of free communication among the people thereon, which has ever been deemed the only effectual guardian of every other right.” • Recommended nullification!

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