1 / 20

Understanding Artificial Intelligence: History, Concepts, and Applications

This chapter delves into the origins of AI, key concepts, and real-world applications. Learn about the birth of AI, its impact on human abilities, and the future of intelligent systems. Explore the history, development, and advancements in the field of artificial intelligence that have revolutionized technology and human-machine interactions.

greathouse
Download Presentation

Understanding Artificial Intelligence: History, Concepts, and Applications

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. 605451Artificial IntelligenceChapter 1 –Part 1 Artificial Intelligence Dr.Hassan Al-Tarawneh

  2. What you will learn:: • Knowledge about A.I • Real things about A.I (no more moronic + movies thoughts) • How weak we are ..compared to our Creator.

  3. My Expectation:: • Always be prepared. • Read ..read. read… • Minimize absenteeism • Think beyond (no more spoon feeding) • Always submit your works!

  4. A.I ? “Artificial Intelligence”: David “The Terminator III: TX and T100” “Star Wars”: R2D2 & C3PO “I,Robot”: NS5 Sunny

  5. A.I ? • Artificial (a:tfiil) “made or produced by man in imitation of something natural”. • Intelligence (/intelid3entsie)  “power of learning, understanding & reasoning + mental ability” • Fictions ? ~ computer program that wipes out humanity, intelligent robotics ?, movies (The Terminator 3, I Robot, HAL 2000 – The Space Odyssey , AI, ..), Artificial Insemination ?, or Avian Influenza? • Bunch of academia works ~ who cares? • Being God?

  6. A.I : for dummies! • John McCarthy (1956) “a mechanical system capable to perform actions for human deemed to be intelligent” • Elaine Rich (1991) “the science of how to make computer/machine do things, at this moment, human do better” • Michael Negbevitsky (2002) “in which we consider what it means to be intelligent and whether machines could be such a thing” • Azizi Ab Aziz (2002) “inspired by nature, engineered by us”

  7. AI: The Past • Greek philosophers - Plato (428-248 BC), Aristotle (384-322 BC), Diogenes (400-325 BC)  logics, philosophy of mind. • Muslim mathematician – Al-Khawarizmi (800-840) work in algorithm and algebra. • Descartes (1596-1650), Leibniz (1646-1716), Kant (1724-1804) works in conceptual and philosophy in intelligence. • Babbage (1792-1871) works in Difference Engine, and Ada Lovelace (1815-1852) ~ first programmer!

  8. AI: The Birth • McCulloch and Pitts (1943)  neural computation “a logical calculus for the ideas of immanent in nervous activity”. • Turing (1950)  The Turing Test : “Computing Machinery and Intelligence” • Shannon (1950)  “The Chess Playing Computer” • Dartmouth Conference (1956)  coined the term of “Artificial Intelligence” : Father of AI  John McCarthy. • Newell and Simon (1956)  General Problem Solver. • Cancellation of machine translation project by US government (1969)

  9. AI: The Renaissance • The emergence of knowledge based system @ expert systems (1969-1980)  DENDRAL, MYCIN & … etc! • The birth of artificial neural networks (1986- present) • The birth of genetic algorithm (Holland, 1972; Schewfel, 1995) • The emergence of intelligent agents, swarm intelligence (1995 – present) • Chess playing computer – Deep Blue II beats Kasparov (1997) • Sociable and Affective Computing (1997 –present)

  10. AI: The Fundamental Artificial Intelligence Understand Human Mind Augmentation of Human Abilities • Cognitive science, developmental psychology, linguistic, philosophy. • Engineering, mathematics, economics, computer science, operational research.

  11. Augmenting Human Abilities • To develop intelligent system that capable to diagnose, to recognize, to predict, to reason, …..etc (as human counterparts) • Example: biometrics, speech recognition, decision support system, image recognition, etc. Car Plate Recognition System Power Transformer Fault Detection

  12. Understanding Human Mind • To model how our mind works. – for better human-machine interaction, understand mental related disorder, coordination. • E.g: humanoid COG from AI Lab MIT, Infanoid from Japan. COG: to understand human social interaction INFANOID: to understand infant-adult interaction

  13. AI: The Essences • Reasoning, pattern recognition, learning or some other form of inference. • Focus on problems which is non-algorithmic (heuristics). • Attempt to deal with semantic meaning @ syntactic form. • Answer that are neither exact / optimal form ~ sense of sufficient. • Using meta-knowledge to solve problem.

  14. Artificial Intelligence “Branch of computer science that studies the human thinking process, and to imitiate and represent the process into computer programs“

  15. How do we classify research as AI?

  16. Machine Learning Speech Understanding Automatic Programming Robotic Natural Language Processing Game Playing Neural Network Expert System Fuzzy Logic Intelligent Tutor Genetic Algorithm Computer Vision Linguistics Computer Science Psychology Management & Management Science Philosophy Electrical Engineering Branches of AI AI Tree

  17. Applications using AI www.google.com MS Word + office assistant Hotmail junk mail filtering Asimo Samsung fuzzy logic washing machine

  18. Daily Applications • GOOGLE : self-organizing searching engine (web mining). • Microsoft Word: office assistant (intelligent agent + decision theoretic reasoning), spelling checker (natural language processing). • Washing Machine: automated setting (neural networks and fuzzy logic). • Digital camera (Sony) with DVD burner: image stabilizer (neural networks and fuzzy logic). • Hotmail, Yahoo e-mail spam filtering: data mining.

  19. Daily Applications www.google.com Samsung fuzzy logic washing machine MS Word + office assistant Hotmail junk mail filtering

  20. Suggested Reading • Russell and Norvig (2003). Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach 2nd Edition, Pearson Education, pp. 1-30. • McCarthy, J. (2004). Retrieved from internet: http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/whatisai/whatisai.html • Luger, G. (2005). Artificial Intelligence: Structures and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving, Addison-Wesley, pp. 1-30. • “Computing Machinery and Intelligence” – A Quarterly Review of Philosophy and Psychology. Retrieved from:http://www.abelard.org/turpap/turpap.htm

More Related