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BACTERIA

BACTERIA. Biology Chapter 20. Bacteria are very small. This is a pore in human skin and the yellow spheres are bacteria. Bacteria are very small compar-ed to cells with nuclei. Bacteria compared to a white blood cell that is going to eat it. Bacteria.

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BACTERIA

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  1. BACTERIA Biology Chapter 20

  2. Bacteria are very small

  3. This is a pore in human skin and the yellow spheres are bacteria

  4. Bacteria are very small compar-ed to cells with nuclei

  5. Bacteria compared to a white blood cell that is going to eat it Bacteria

  6. Clean skin has about 20 million bacteria per square inch

  7. Evolution/Classification • Most numerous on Earth • Most Ancient • Microscopic Prokaryotes • Evolution has yielded many species adapted to survive where no other organisms can. • Grouped based on: • Structure, physiology, molec. Compositionreaction to specific types of stain. • Eubacteria= Germs/bacteria • Archaebacteria

  8. Kingdom Archaebacteria • First discovered in extreme environments • Methanogens: Harvest energy by converting H2 and CO2 into methane gas • Anaerobic, live in intestinal tracts • Extreme halophiles: Salt loving, live in Great Salt Lake, and Dead sea. • Thermoacidophiles: Live in acid environments and high temps. • Hot Springs, volcanic vents

  9. Volcanic vents on the sea floor

  10. Chemosynthetic bacteria use the sulfur in the “smoke” for energy to make ATP.

  11. The red color of this snow is due to a blue-green bacteria

  12. Kingdom Eubacteria • Can have one of three basic shapes • Bacilli – rod-shaped • Spirilla – spiral-shaped • Cocci – sphere-shaped • Staphylococci – grape-like clusters Streptococci – in chains SHOW ME

  13. BACTERIA PICS

  14. Bacillus bacteria are rod or sausage shaped

  15. Coccus bacteria are sphere or ball shaped

  16. Spirillium bacteria have a corkscrew shape

  17. Diplo-bacteria occur in pairs, such as the diplococcus bacteria that causes gonorrhea

  18. Staphylo - bacteria occur in clumps, such as this staphylococcus bacteria that causes common infections of cuts

  19. Strepto- bacteria occur in chains of bacteria, such as this streptococcus bacteria that causes some types of sore throats

  20. Spirillium bacteria

  21. Diplobacillus bacteria

  22. Streptococcus bacteria

  23. Staphylococcus bacteria

  24. The tip of a needle The red and yellow dots are bacteria

  25. Gram Stain • Gram-positive retain stain and appear purple • Have thicker layer in cell wall. • Gram-negative do not retain stain and take second pink stain instead.

  26. STRUCTURE OF BACTERIA

  27. No Nucleus-DNA in Cytoplasm

  28. Nutrition and Growth • Heterotrophic or Autotrophic • Some are Photoautotrophs – Use sunlight for Energy • Some are Chemoautotrophs. • Many are Obligate Anaerobes. • Oxygen = Death • Ex. Clostridium tetani – Tetanus • Some are Faculatative Anaerobes • With or without Oxygen • Ex. Escherichia Coli • Some are Obligate Aerobes • Ex.) Mycobacterium tuberculosis • Temperature requirements • Some are Thermophilic, Some prefer acidic envmt.

  29. Metabolism of Prokaryotes • Heterotrophs are organisms that cannot make their own food and must get it from another source • such as off of decomposing organic molecules or waste

  30. Metabolism of Prokaryotes • Others are Autotrophs which are organisms that can make their own food • Photoautotrophs- carry out photosynthesis similar to plants to make their own food • Require light for energy • Cyanobacteria are the base of some food chains and might have been the first to put oxygen in the atmosphere • Chemotrophs- do not require light for energy but get food from breaking down and releasing inorganic compounds in a process called chemosynthesis

  31. Aerobes and Anaerobes • Aerobes are bacteria that grow in the presence of oxygen, like us without it they die they are called obligate aerobes . • Anaerobes are some bacteria that can grow without the presence of oxygen, and will die in the presence of oxygen these are called obligate anaerobes. • Facultative anaerobes live in both oxygen and no oxygen.

  32. These heterotrophic bacteria digest oil -- remember oil is partially decayed plant and animal cells

  33. REPRODUCTION IN BACTERIA

  34. No Nucleus-DNA in Cytoplasm

  35. BACTERIA REPRODUCES BY FISSION First the chromosomal DNA makes a copy The DNA replicates

  36. NEXT THE CYTOPLASM AND CELL DIVIDES The two resulting cells are exactly the same

  37. In addition to the large chromosomal DNA, bacteria have many small loops of DNA called Plasmids

  38. Genetic Recombination • Nonreproductive Methods bacteria can acquire new genetic material.

  39. TRANSFORMATION This plasmid of DNA is new to the bacteria – added by transformation! Produces the glowing protein

  40. CONJUGATION When two prokaryotes attach to each other and exchange genetic information

  41. TRANSDUCTION

  42. Bacteria and Disease

  43. Some bacteria cause diseases --Disease causing bacteria are call PATHOGENIC

  44. Helicobacter pylori is the pathogenic bacteria that can causes ulcers

  45. Leprosy is a bacterial infection that decreases blood flow to the extremities resulting in the deterioration of toes, ears, the nose and the fingers.

  46. BOTULISM

  47. CHOLERA

  48. DENTAL CARIES

  49. ROCKY MOUNTAIN SF

  50. LYME DISEASE

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