ATP

1. ATP

2. Controlled Energy Flow • What is the safest way to get out of a 5 story building? • Walking down stairs • Jumping out the window • Why?

3. Controlled Energy Flow • What is the safest way to get out of a 5 story building? • Walking down stairs • Jumping out the window

4. Controlled Energy Flow • The reason why going down stairs is less dangerous is because the speed of the drop is controlled. • The fast, big drop is changed into smaller, slower drops. vs.

5. The same thing happens in your body. • If you released all of the potential energy stored in matter at once, your body would light up in flames.

6. How does your body release energy safely?

7. Learning Target • I can explain the flow of energy (ATP) • Agenda • Catalyst • ATP • An example of ATP • Practicing ATP • Exit Slip

8. The Function of ATP • When you digest food, your body transfers small packets of energy from the food that you ate to a biological molecule called Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). ATP ATP ATP ATP

9. The Function of ATP • After all of the energy is squeezed out of the food that you ate and transferred to ATP molecules, the dead matter is excreted.

10. The Function of ATP • ATP is found in every cell of your body. • Every cell in your body uses ATP to do work. • ATP is cellular energy. • Your body is entirely powered by ATP

11. Practice • Write “Adenosine Triphosphate” • On your paper • On your neighbor’s paper

12. The Structure of ATP • ATP is made of: • Adenine (A) • Ribose (sugar) • 3 phosphates (P)

13. The Structure of ATP • Energy is stored in between the phosphate bonds.

14. The Structure of ATP • When a phosphate is broken off of ATP, energy is released. • This is kinetic energy that can be used to do work.

15. The Structure of ATP • Energy is stored in the new phosphate bond. • This is potential energy that is stored.

16. Is energy release or stored? How do you know?

17. Is energy release or stored? How do you know?

18. Uses of ATP • Energy for mechanical functions(movement, muscle contraction). • Active Transport • Building and breaking of large molecules. Carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acid • Drives chemical reactions in cells

19. Sources of Energy • Organisms are classified according to the way they get their food. • Autotrophs: organisms that produce their own food (energy)… • Some examples are… • Heterotrophs: organisms that obtain energy from foods they consume… • Some examples are…

20. Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs AUTOTROPHBOTH HETEROTROPH

21. Autotroph or Heterotroph?

22. Autotroph or heterotroph?

23. Autotroph or Heterotroph?

24. Autotroph or Heterotroph?

25. Energy • Energy is stored in the chemical bonds of energy-storing compounds. • Energy is released when the chemical bonds of these compounds are broken.

26. Which molecule has more potential energy? ATP Or ADP

27. Fully Energized ATP Enzyme that makes ATP= ATPase After Energy is Released ADP Compounds That Store Energy

28. ATP CYCLE

29. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00jbG_cfGuQ- crash course http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V8rtJRlLdI8- song breathe http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L2ZA4lDDSb8- energy song Aerobic respiration CELLULARRESPIRATION

30. Aerobic respiration – respiration that REQUIRES OXYGEN • Anaerobic respiration- respiration that DOES NOT REQUIRE OXYGEN

31. Food to Energy • Carbohydrates–main source of energy • Carbs are broken down into glucose. • Remember, glucose is a monosaccharide(monomer) • Carbs(polymer)→Glucose(monomer)→Energy(ATP)

32. Cellular Respiration (CR) • PURPOSE: make energy by breaking down glucose using O2 (AKA: Aerobic Respiration) Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy C6H12O6 + 6O2→6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP (reactants) (products) ***What do you recognize about this equation? Enzymes

33. 3 Steps of Cellular Respiration C C 2 ATP 32 ATP C Glucose C 2 ATP GLUCOSE C C KREBS CYCLE ELECTRON TRANSPORT GLYCOLYSIS

34. STEP 1: Glycolysis • Means - “Cutting glucose” • Occurs in: the CYTOPLASM • OneGLUCOSE(a 6-carbon sugar) molecule is cut in half to create Pyruvic Acid/Pyruvate • 2 ATP created

35. What is the main products of glycolysis? A. Glucose B. Pyruvate, ATP C. Sucrose ATP D. Starch, ATP, ADP

36. Where does glycolysis take place? • A. Mitochondria • B. Chloroplast • C. Cytoplasm • D. Vacuole

37. STEP 2: KREBS CYCLE • IT IS A CYCLE • Happens in the MITOCHONDRIA • Pyruvic Acid broken down into carbon dioxide • 2 ATP created

38. During the Krebs Cycle, pyruvate is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions. In which organelle does the Krebs Cycle take place? • A. chloroplast • B. nucleus • C. mitochondria • D. cytoplasm

39. Step 3:Electron Transport Chain(ETC) • Happens in the MITOCHONDRIA. • Oxygen used to create the majority of energy!!!!!! • 32 ATP created

40. 1 GLUCOSE MOLECULE PRODUCES: WITH OXYGEN • 2 ATP in Glycolysis • 2 ATP in Krebs • 32 ATP in ETC = 36 ATP!

41. Cellular respiration consists of three stages that captures some of the chemical energy available in food molecules and uses it to produce ATP. Which of the following indicates, in the correct order, the main stages of cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen? A. Krebs Cycle  Glycolysis  Electron Transport Chain B. Glycolysis  Krebs Cycle  Electron Transport Chain C. Electron Transport Chain  Krebs Cycle  Glycolysis D. Krebs Cycle  Electron Transport Chain  Glycolysis

42. AKA: Anaerobic Respiration- no oxygen FERMENTATION

43. Lactic Acid Fermentation (LAF) No oxygen Glucose Lactic acid (LA) • Where? • Muscles, some bacteria • When? • After strenuous exercise, there is not enough O2 in muscles for CR to take place. Therefore, cells create LA, which causes pain – muscle fatigue

44. Which process results in muscle fatigue and cramping in humans after exercise? A. photosynthesis B. lactic acid fermentation C. alcoholic fermentation D. aerobic respiration