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Understanding Orchestra Dynamics and Texture Forms in Music

Explore the terminology, instruments, and forms of classical music, from strings to woodwinds to percussions. Dive into the dynamics and textures of symphony orchestras.

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Understanding Orchestra Dynamics and Texture Forms in Music

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  1. Chapter 3: Color, Texture, and Form

  2. Dynamics: How loud or soft the music is • Terminology in Italian

  3. Color • Color / Timbre • Voice: Classified by range into 4 parts • Soprano, (Mezzo soprano), Alto, Tenor, (Baritone), Bass

  4. Musical Instruments • Instrument families have the same basic shape and are made of the same materials • Strings, woodwinds, brasses, percussion, keyboard

  5. Strings • Violin, Viola, Cello, Bass (Listening Guide, p. 36) • Core of the Western symphony orchestra • Different string playing techniques • Vibrato: • Pizzicato: • Tremolo: • Trill:

  6. Harp: • Glissando: • Arpeggio:

  7. Woodwinds • Flute: • Piccolo: • Clarinet: • Oboe: • English horn: • Bassoon: • Contrabassoon: The lowest instrument of the orchestra • Saxophone: • Listening Guide: pg. 37-38

  8. Brasses • Trumpet: • Mute: A plug placed in the bell of the instrument to lessen the sound • Trombone: • French horn: • Tuba: • Listening Guide, pg. 38

  9. Percussion • Some percussion instruments are pitched • Timpani: percussion instrument most often heard in classical music • Non-pitched percussion instruments: • Snare Drum, Bass drum, Cymbals

  10. Keyboard Instruments • Pipe organ: • Stop:

  11. Keyboard Instruments Harpsichord Piano Invented around 1700 • Most popular during the Baroque Era

  12. The Symphony Orchestra • Originated during the seventeenth century • Early 18th century: 15-25 musicians • Late 18th century: 25-80 musicians • 19th century: around 100 musicians • Around 1800, a conductor became necessary as ensembles expanded and pieces became more complex • Orchestral score: • Listening Cue: Practice identifying instruments of the orchestra on CourseMate Listening Exercise 3.1

  13. Texture • Texture: • Vincent Van Gogh’s Branch of an Almond Tree in Blossom (1890)

  14. Three Primary Textures in Music • Monophony: • Unison: • Homophony:

  15. Polyphony: • Counterpoint:

  16. Identifying Texture • The “Hallelujah” chorus from The Messiah by George Frideric Handel (pg. 45)

  17. FORM • Form: • Use of statement, repetition, contrast, and variation

  18. Five Favorite Musical Forms • Strophic Form: AA • Listening example: pg. 47 (“Lullaby” by Brahms”) • Theme and Variations:A A1 A2 A3 A4 • Listening example: pg. 48 (“Variations on Twinkle Twinkle” by Mozart)

  19. Binary Form: A B • Listening example: pg. 48 (“Andante” from The Surprise Symphony by Haydn) • Ternary Form: A B A • Listening example: pg. 49 (“Dance of the Reed Pipes” from The Nutcracker by Tchaikovsky)

  20. Rondo Form: ABACA or ABACABA • Listening example: pg. 50 (“Rondeau” by Mouret)

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