Platform-based Design

1. Platform-based Design 5KK70 TU/e 2008 Henk Corporaal Bart Mesman

2. Embedded Systems Courses • We go through all the design steps of a complete multi-processor embedded system • (containing hardware and software) • Discuss many design trade-offs • 4 connected courses: • Systems on Silicon: 5kk60 • Platform-based Design: 5kk10 • Multiprocessors: 5kk80 • Embedded System Laboratory: 5kk33 (lab course) Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman

3. Processor Architectures and Program Mapping Objectives: • Study the processing components of future multi-processor platforms, ranging from • highly flexible processors, to • highly computational-efficient processors • Learn how to map applications to these components • Learn how to exploit the (data) memory hierarchy Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman

4. DSP Processor design spectrum Programmable CPU Programmable DSP Application specific instruction set processor (ASIP) Application specific processor flexibility efficiency Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman

5. efficiency ASIC high medium low ASIP DSP GP proc FPGA low medium high flexibility Processor design spectrum Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman

6. [Roza] Computational efficiency [MOPS/W] 106 3DTV 105 Intrinsic computational efficiency Query by humming 104 103 7400 Turbosparc 604e 102 604 604e 21364 601 21164a microsparc Ultra sparc i386SX P6 i486DX Super sparc 101 P5 68040 100 0.07 0.13 0.25 0.5 1 2 Feature size [m] ICE of silicon Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman

7. Topics (1) • Basic RISC principles: MIPS example • DSP processors • VLIW architectures • SIMD architectures • ASIPs • MIMD architectures • NoC and MPSoC • Compiling code for ILP architectures Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman

8. Topics (2) • RTOS • Wireless Sensor Networks • Smart Camera (Networks) • Data Memory Management techniques • Loop transformations • Student presentations (2x) • based on studied articles Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman

9. Lab exercises • Exploration: • Programming and Exploration using the Imagine or SiHive architecture • Programming a real MP platform: • CELL, • GPU or • IC3D (with Xetal SIMD) platform • Program transformations: • Optimizing the memory behavior of your program to achieve extreme low power • Applying loop transformations Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman

10. Exam and Grading • Exam is oral • Labexercises can be largely done at home • Grading is 40 % theory + 50 % assignments + 10% student presentation • Material: • Website http://www.es.ele.tue.nl/~heco/courses/PlatformDesign • Slides and Handouts • Lab material (largely online) Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman

11. Embedded System Architectures on Silicon TIVO • Application oriented • smart devices • adaptable, flexible • real-time DSP 1 cm2 1V 1 W 10 Euro … implemented in silicon not a Pentium but a domain specific and programmable ES Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman

12. Embedded System Architect Applications (DSP) algorithms C/C++, Java Matlab, SDL, ... • is reponsible for a strategic • interaction between the • different disciplines • has a basic knowledge of the • different disciplines • is a generalist, not a specialist Embedded System Architect low power analog, robustness/dfm VHDL, Verilog Challenge:permanently confronted with new domains Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman

13. What is a system ?What is system level design ? • Can an IC be a system? • Or is the PCB that uses the IC the real system ? • IC => PCB => rack => system • There is always a larger system surrounding the current one. • This is often seen as “the real system”. • So nobody is doing system level design ? • It’s hard to define unless we can find an underlying common • characteristic. • A system is something complex. Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman

14. Complexity [DeMan] • Complexity depends on • the number of different component types (not number of components) • different types of interactions • lack of structure in the interactions Complex simple Complexity is different for the architect and for the IC technologist Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman

15. What is a system ? [Rechtin] • A system is a complex set of heterogeneous elements • that all together form an organic whole. • The whole is more than the sum of the parts. • The system has properties beyond those of the parts. • The added value comes from the interaction • between the parts. Ex. CD player = electronics + optics + mechanics Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman

16. Conclusion: type of signal and control processing is different • 2 schools: • build implementation hardware which can execute both • e.g. general purpose processor • separation on 2 different parts • e.g. processing of events in software (ARM, MIPS, etc…) • processing of signals more hardware oriented Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman

17. Example: CD system Servo index Decoder A/D A/D D/A 4 laser diodes loudspeakers Motor External world Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman

18. Embedded electronic systems This is explained in the following slides by comparing the introduction of embedded systems with the introduction of the electric motor in the 19th century. Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman

19. Phase 1: the electric factory - One central large electric motor - Power was distributed to the workplaces via axes and belts Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman

20. Phase 2: the home electric motor - Every home got its private electric motor - A whole suite of appliances could be plugged into this single motor Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman

21. Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman

22. Phase 3: ubiquitous electric motor - The electric motor is embedded in the appliance - You often are not aware of the fact that it contains an electric motor (e.g. 60 electric motors in a modern high end car) Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman

23. Phase 1: the computing factory - One central large mainframe computer - Compute power was distributed to the workplace terminals via 9600 bps telephone wires Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman

24. Phase 2: the personal computer at home - Every home got its private computer - A whole suite of add-ons can be plugged into this single computer Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman

25. Phase 3: embedded systems - The micro-controller is embedded in the appliance - You often are not aware of the fact that it contains a micro-controller (e.g. 70 micro-controllers in a modern high end car: engine control, ABS, airbag, airco, interior illumination, central lock, alarm, radio, ...) Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman

26. An environment that is sensitive, adaptive and responsive to the presence of people or objects An environment where technology is embedded, hidden in the background An environment that will preserve security, privacy and trustworthiness while utilizing information when needed and appropriate. Ambient Intelligence, the concept People to the foreground, technology to the background • Ubiquitous communications • Distributed computing • Intelligent interfaces [Boekhorst] Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman

27. [DeMan] Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman

28. Comparison PC general purpose Who “Computes”, anyway ? Single hardware platform ASAP (as soon as possible) env. adapts to the system (wait) lower reliability difficult to use end-user software unlimited resources embedded system purpose-built and programmable appliance oriented smart devices multiple hw/sw platforms real-time constraint system adapts to the environment high reliability (no reset button) user friendly deeply embedded software running on limited resources BUT: both use similar technology e.g. programmable cores, RTOS (e.g. Win-CE) Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman

29. Embedded Systems: Characteristics • safety critical • reactive systems: fast reaction on critical control events • portable: weight, power dissipation • mobile: network protocols, power dissipation • consumer systems: cost, reliability, user friendly interface • professional systems: availability, reliability, remote analysis • and diagnosis, redundancy • multimedia = text, graphics, speech, audio, images and video • internet oriented embedded systems Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman