1 / 24

The Early Years

The Early Years. The 1st Presidents And their Administrations. George Washington Mr. President. Elected unanimously elected by the electoral college in 1789 No Federal laws No Courts No staff No treasury No taxes With much debt Weak army. Washington creates a Cabinet.

gregory-bernard
Download Presentation

The Early Years

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Early Years The 1st Presidents And their Administrations

  2. George WashingtonMr. President • Elected unanimously elected by the electoral college in 1789 • No Federal laws • No Courts • No staff • No treasury • No taxes • With much debt • Weak army

  3. Washington creates a Cabinet • Vice President: John Adams • Secretary of State: Thomas Jefferson • Sec. of the Treasury: Alexander Hamilton • Secretary of War: Henry Knox • Attorney General Edmund Randolph

  4. Congress passes legislation • Judiciary Act of 1789 – Set the number of Supreme Court judges at 6 and established 3 circuit courts and 13 district courts. John Jay is the 1st Chief Justice. • Revenue laws – necessary to raise income for the government. • A tariff on imported goods • A tonnage duty on goods entering U.S. ports

  5. Problems: National Debt Crisis • National debt is 43,000,000 • State debt is $22,000,000 • Foreign debt is $12,000,000

  6. Alexander Hamilton • 4 point Financial Program • Full payment of foreign and national debt: sell U.S. bonds • Assumption of state debt: South objects because they had paid most of their debt • An excise(tax) on whiskey • A federal bank opposed by Madison and Jefferson

  7. Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 • Whiskey is vital to the economy • 25% tax set by Alexander Hamilton • West Pennsylvania refuses to pay • George Washington and Hamilton use 15,000 troops to end the rebellion • 20 put in prison; 2 charged with treason but pardoned • Asserts the U.S. government’s power

  8. Hamilton Strong federal gov’t Loose interpretation of the constitution Industrial economy Urban based society Gov’t aids business Pro-British George Washington and John Adams Jefferson States’ rights Strict interpretation of the constitution Agrarian economy Rural based society Gov’t stays out of business Pushed for the Bill of Rights Pro French Madison and Monroe Federalists vs. Democratic Republicans

  9. Federalist Features • Rule by the best people; leaders from upper social and economic classes • Hostile to the extension of democracy • A protective tariff • Expand the gov’t • Restrictions on free speech and press • Opposes individualism • Society’s needs over individual rights • East coast based • Support of the financial and banking leaders

  10. Democratic Republican Features • Rule by the informed masses • Supported equality and personal liberty • Friendly towards the extension of democracy • Feared wealth could corrupt American ideals • No special favors for business or manufacturers • Agriculture base over commerce • Rejected industrialization and commerce • Reduce the size of the federal gov’t. • Concentration in the south

  11. Washington’s Farewell AddressServed Two Terms • Lists 3 Dangers: • The rise in political factions (parties) • Geographic differences (sectionalism) • European rivalries • Stay neutral • “Avoid entangling alliances” • Printed in the newspaper

  12. John Adams • Electoral vote 71-68 against Jefferson • A Federalist President w/a Democratic Republican Vice President • XYZ Affair: “Millions for defense but not one cent for tribute.” • French become hostile after US treaty (Jay Treaty) w/Britain • US ships seized by French privateers • Adams sends diplomats to negotiate a treaty—French foreign minister refuses to see them • Agents X,Y, Z meet them demanding money • Result: • Undeclared naval war with France sparks war fever • Adams’ popularity increases • Alien and Sedition Act:1.Aliens –expels foreigners declared to be dangerous to the peace and safety of the U.S. 2. Sedition- limits free speech against thegovernment.

  13. Election of 1800The passing of power from one political party to another • Nasty campaign between Adams and Jefferson • Electoral Votes: Jefferson—73; Adams—65; Burr—73 • Electoral deadlock between Jefferson and Burr • House votes… • Jefferson elected in the 35th ballot: Hamilton changes his vote. Leads to the 12th amendment (President/Vice President on separate ballots)

  14. Election of 1800The passing of power from one political party to another • Adams appoints “midnight judges” • Judiciary Act of 1801—sets up regional courts • Adams makes 100s of appointments...all Federalists and shuts Jefferson out of the process • Adams refuses to attend Jefferson’s inauguration • The power of change within the system • Decentralizes power • Removes heavy taxes • Downsizes the military • Allows the Bank of the U.S. to continue

  15. Marbury v. Madison Jefferson gets Congress to repeal Judicial Act of 1801—asks Madison not to deliver the letters of appointment Marbury (one of the judges) sues and loses Establishes Judicial Review Louisiana Purchase France gives up land west of the MI river for 15 million. Doubles the size of the U.S. Lewis and Clark expedition (St. Louis to Northwest Pacific Ocean) Other: Belief in the common man Repeal of alien and sedition acts Jefferson’s Administration

  16. Lewis and Clark • Jefferson wanted to know more about lands west of the Mississippi • Persuades Congress to sponsor an expedition • Mission: • find a route across the Rocky Mts. to the Pacific Ocean • Learn as much as possible

  17. Lewis and Clark • Instructions: • Learn about Native Americans • Treat them in a friendly manner • Collect plant and animals specimens • Chart the geography • Left St. Louis—Spring 1804 • Reached Pacific—18 months and 4,000 miles later • Arrived back in St. Louis—September 1806

  18. Lewis and Clark • Sacagawea • Wife of a French trapper hired as a guide • Interprets and helps in their survival • Sister to the chief of the Shoshone tribe • Aids them in securing horses, supplies, and provides directions over Rockies • Result of their Journey: • Brings back valuable information • Inspires those eager to move westward

  19. Madison’s Administration • War of 1812 • The impressment (kidnapping) of U.S. sailors by England • White House (President’s Mansion) is burned by the English • Star Spangled Banner written—Francis Scott Key • War in a Stalemate • Battle of New Orleans fought after the war was over. Andrew Jackson becomes a national hero.

  20. Monroe’s Administration • Era of Good Feelings • Nationalism • Lack of strong political party rivalry • Political differences fade • Creates the 2nd bank of the U.S. • Economic Panic of 1819-too much debt owed to London banks; 1st economic depression

  21. Missouri Compromise of 1820 • 1818 Missouri petitions for statehood • 11 slave states • 11 free states • Missouri enters the U.S. as a slave state • Maine enters the U.S. as a free state • Slavery prohibited in the rest of the Louisiana territory • North of 36’ and 30”

  22. Monroe’s Administration • 1819 Adams-Onis Treaty with Spain • After Jackson invades West Flordia • U.S. acquires Florida—gives up claims to Spanish Texas • 1823 Monroe Doctrine • Europe should stay out of the American continent. No more colonization. • 1824 American System of Henry Clay • 1. Protective tariffs • 2. Federal funds for internal improvements • 3. National Bank

  23. Evolution of Major Political Parties

  24. Virginia Dynasty

More Related