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S3 Biology

S3 Biology. Cells & Cell Transport. Learning Intentions. What is the difference between a unicellular & a multi-cellular organism? What is the function of the different structures within a cell?

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S3 Biology

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  1. S3 Biology Cells & Cell Transport

  2. Learning Intentions • What is the difference between a unicellular & a multi-cellular organism? • What is the function of the different structures within a cell? • What is the difference in structure between an animal cell, a plant cell, a bacterial cell and a fungus? • What are specialised cells?

  3. 1. Unicellular & Multi-cellular Organisms • Unicellular organisms have one cell, while multicellular organisms are composed of many different types of cells. • Unicellular organisms are usually smaller (often always microscopic in nature) and less complex than multi-cellular Organisms

  4. 2a) Why do cells need different structures? S1 Revision! Can you remember the job of each of the parts of an animal & plant cell? Activity 1 Cells Matching Cards Activity 2 Label Diagrams Activity 3 Complete structure & function table Ribosome Mitochondria

  5. 2b) Animal/Plant Cell Structure & Function

  6. 3a) Comparing Animal/Plant Cells Cell Membrane Nucleus Cytoplasm Ribosomes Mitochondria Chloroplast Vacuole Cell Wall Animal Cell Animal & Plant Cell Plant Cell

  7. 3b) Bacterial Cells • Bacterial cells come in 3 main shapes – spherical, rod-like and spiral • Most bacteria have a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, a capsule and a plasmid • Bacteria do not have a nucleus • Some bacteria have a flagellum for movement • Bacteria Example: E. coli Activity 5 Label a bacterial cell Spherical Rod-like Spiral Cell Membrane

  8. 3c) Bacterial Cell - Structure & Function

  9. 3d) Comparing Animal/Bacterial Cells Plasmid Pilus Flagellum Capsule Cell Wall Nucleus Mitochondria Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Ribosomes Animal Cell Animal & Bacterial Cell Bacterial Cell

  10. 3e) Fungal Cells • Have cell walls made of chitin • Fungi grow long branching structures called Hyphae • Fungus example: Yeast Activity 6 Draw & label a Fungus Yeast cells budding

  11. 3f) Making & Viewing Cell Slides Peel a section of onion 1 cell thick & cut a small square section Place onion section on slide (making sure there are no creases) Add a drop of iodine (to stain the cells so the nucleus can be seen) Slowly lower a cover slip over the section (making sure no iodine has leaked out over the edge) View slide under a microscope Practice viewing slides of animal, plant, bacteria and fungi

  12. 4a) Specialised Cells • Basic plant and animal cells can become specialised cells to carry out a particular role. • Examples of specialised cells include: Red Blood Cells Nerve Cells Egg Cells Sperm Cells Root Hair Cell Palisade Mesophyll Cell Plant Root Hair Cell Why do you think it’s this shape? Red Blood Cell Why do you think it’s this shape? Types of Cell (2:59)

  13. Learning Intentions • How do substances enter and leave a cell? • What substances enter or leave a cell by diffusion, osmosis & active transport? 3. What happens to cells in a hypotonic, isotonic and hypertonic solution?

  14. 5a) Substances moving into/out of cells Oxygen & Glucose Carbon Dioxide

  15. 5b) Cell Membrane • Made of proteins and fats (lipids) • Selectively permeable to allow some substances through but not others

  16. 5c) Diffusion Diffusion is the movement of a substance down a concentration gradient from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration Example: Sugar cube in cup of tea Sugar Diffusion Demo

  17. 5d) Osmosis Osmosis is the movement of water from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane Cell membrane Osmosis (0:46) Osmosis Practical

  18. 5e) Active Transport Active Transport is the movement of a substance against a concentration gradient from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration and it requires energy (ATP) Transport across a cell membrane (2:39) Low sodium Conconcentration High sodium Conconcentration

  19. 5f) Animal cells in different solutions Hypertonic Solution Isotonic Solution Hypotonic Solution (Lower water conc) (same water conc) (Higher water conc) Shrinks Bursts

  20. 5g) Plant cells in different solutions Turgid Normal Flaccid (Plasmolysed)

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