(22) Russia collapses in Revolution and Civil War

1. (22) Russia collapses in Revolution and Civil War • The Russian Revolution occurred in 1917 and was an overthrow of the Russian Czar by the communist “Red” Bolsheviks. • This is when Russia pulled out of WWI and allowed Germany and the Central Powers to not fight a 2 front war, but to face all fighting on the Western Front.

3. THE US comes to save the day America France Great Britain

4. BACK IN AMERICA

5. (25)Daylight Savings Time • Daylight Saving Time has been used in the U.S. and in many European countries since World War I. At that time, in an effort to conserve fuel needed to produce electric power for war effort • begins at 2:00 a.m. on the second Sunday of March a • ends at 2:00 a.m. on the first Sunday of November • That is THIS SUNDAY!!!

6. As the war progressed, Civil Liberties were compromised • Anti-Immigrant feelings were openly expressed especially anti-German and Austrian- Hungarian • (21) Espionage and Sedition Acts were passed by Congress ATTACK ON CIVIL LIBERTIES • These acts were designed to prevent anti-war protests- made it a crime to talk bad about the US government but went against the spirit of the First Amendment (Free speech)

7. (29) The Palmer Raids • a series of controversial raids by the U.S. Justice and Immigration Departments from 1919 to 1921 on suspected radical leftists in the United States. The raids are named for A. Mitchell Palmer, United States Attorney General under Woodrow Wilson. They were after “Hyphenated Americans” (example: “German-Americans) • Schenck vs The US (1920)-a United States Supreme Court decision concerning the question of whether the defendant possessed a First Amendment right to free speech against the draft during World War I. Charles Schenck was the Secretary of the Socialist party and was responsible for printing, distributing, and mailing 15,000 leaflets to men eligible for the draft that advocated opposition to the draft. • 2 examples of US citizens losing their constitutional rights if it hurts our country

8. The greatest effect of WWI on the African American population was that it accelerated the (23) Great Migration • The Great Migration was the large scale population shift for hundreds of thousands of blacks from the south to Northern cities • They left to escape discrimination and to seek greater job opportunities • Popular destinations included Chicago, New York, Detroit and Philadelphia SOCIAL CHANGE DURING THE WAR This African American family settled in Chicago

9. (28) Chicago Race Riots The Chicago Race Riot of 1919 was a major racial conflict that began in Chicago, Illinois on July 27, 1919 and ended on August 3.During the riot, dozens died and hundreds were injured. It is considered to be the worst of the approximately 25 riots during the Red Summer of 1919, so named because of the violence and fatalities across the nation. With the Great Migration, thousands of African Americans from the South had settled in Chicago and competed for jobs with the other groups that already lived there

10. Many women were called upon to take on jobs previously held by men who were serving in the war • They became railroad workers, cooks, dockworkers, factory workers, and miners • Many women served as volunteers in organizations such as the Red Cross • Their service hastened the passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920 giving women the right to vote WOMEN IN THE WAR Rosie the Riveter was the symbol of women’s war contributions

11. In the fall of 1918, the United States suffered a home-front crises when a fluepidemic affected 25% of the population • Mines shut down, telephone service was cut in half, factory work was delayed • Cities ran short on coffins while corpses lay unburied for as long as a week • The epidemic killed as many as 500,000 in the U.S. before it disappeared in 1919 • Worldwide the epidemic killed 30 million people THE FLU EPIDEMIC Seattle, like many other places, became a masked city. All police wore them, as shown in this photo from "The Great Influenza" Get your Flu Shot!!!

12. (30) The first Radio Broadcast • At 6;00 PM Tuesday, November 02, 1920In the United States, KDKA of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania starts broadcasting as the first commercial radio station. The first broadcast was the results of the U.S. presidential election, 1920. • They flipped a switch and began reporting election returns in the Harding vs. Cox Presidential race. At that moment, KDKA became the pioneer broadcasting station of the world.

13. End of WWI

14. GERMANY COLLAPSES; THE GREAT WAR ENDS GERMANY COLLAPSES, WAR ENDS • On November 3, 1918, Germany’s partner, Austria-Hungary, surrendered to the Allies • That same day, German sailors mutinied against their government • Other revolts followed, and Germany was too exhausted to continue War ends 11/11/18

15. The war ends… • So at the eleventh hour, on the eleventh day, of the eleventh month of 1918, (11/11/1918- 11am) Germany signed a truce- and eventually the Versailles Treaty officially ending the Great War- leaving Germany responsible for WWI

16. The Fight for A Peace Treaty

17. Despite the hero’s welcome he received in Europe, Wilson’s peace plan would be rejected by the US • Wilson’s peace plan was called the “14 points”: • 1. No secret treaties • 2. Freedom of the Seas • 3. More free trade • 4. Reduction of arms • 5. Less colonialism • 14. League of Nations- an organization to promote world peace- all countries would be members (24) WILSON FIGHTS FOR PEACE Wilson’s 14 points in his own short hand

18. The Big Four leaders, Wilson (U.S.), Clemenceau (France), Lloyd George (England), and Orlando (Italy), worked out the Treaty’s details • Wilson conceded on most of his 14 points in return for the establishment of the League of Nations • On June 28, 1919, the Big Four and the leaders of the defeated nations gathered in theHall of Mirrors at Versailles, Paris (France) and signed the Treaty of Versailles ALLIES REJECT WILSON”S PLAN, SIGN TREATY Hall of Mirrors

20. (1)The Treaty broke up the big empires – The German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the Ottoman Empire empires • (2)The Treaty established nine new nations including; Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia • (3)The Treaty forbid Germany from maintaining an army and building weapons, required them to give Alsace-Lorraine back to France, and forced them to pay $33 billion in reparations to the Allies (26)TREATY OF VERSAILLES The Big Four met at Versailles

21. The harsh treatment of Germany prevented the Treaty from creating a lasting peace in Europe • The Treaty humiliated the Germansby forcing them to admit sole responsibility for the war (War-Guilt Clause) • Furthermore, Germany would never be able to pay $33 billion in reparations THE WEAKNESS OF THE TREATY Germans felt the Versailles Treaty was unfair

22. President Wilson's Voyage from France to the U.S., June-July 1919

23. In the United States, the Treaty was hotly debated especially the League of Nations • Conservative senators, headed by Henry Cabot Lodge, were suspicious of the Leagues’ joint economic and military commitments • Many wanted the U.S. Congress to maintain the right to declare war • Ultimately, Congress rejected U.S. involvementin the very League the U.S. President had created DEBATE OVER TREATY AT HOME The U.S. never did join the league

24. At home, the war strengthened both the military and the power of the government • The propaganda campaign provoked powerful fearsin society • For many countries the war createdpolitical instability and violencethat lasted for years • Russia established the first Communiststate during the war • Americans called World War I, “TheWar to end all Wars” --- however unresolved issues would eventually drag the U.S. into an even deadlier conflict THE LEGACY OF WWI WWI 1914-1918 22 million dead, more than half civilians. An additional 20 million wounded.

25. How might WWI have affected future international affairs? The treaty of Versailles left Germany bitter and may have led to the future conflicts we know are just around the bend!!! Aka WWII

26. The 6 Effects of WWI • US Entry into the war in 1917 • Widespread death and destruction in Europe • Treaty of Versailles • League of Nations • Break-up of German and Austro-Hungarian Empires • Creation of several new nations