Chapter 13 Study Guide: Urban Geography Cities in the periphery, Latin America, and Europe

1. Chapter 13 Study Guide: Urban Geography Cities in the periphery, Latin America, and Europe

2. Compared to the private automobile, public transportation offers more energy efficiency.

3. Public transit is more extensive in Western European cities than in the United States primarily because European governments subsidize public transit.

4. The U.S. government has encouraged the use of cars in part by building interstate highways.

5. Urbanization: The process whereby an increasing percentage of people live in an urban areaThe Industrial Revolution promoted urbanization.

6. Of the ten largest urban areas in the world, how many are in More Developed Countries today? 2

7. The important element of urbanization is an increase in the • number of people living in urban settlements. • percentage of people living in urban settlements. • land area occupied by urban settlements.

8. The U.S. Census Bureau defines an urban area as a city with a population over 2,500. TQ

9. The city plus its contiguous built-up suburbs is the urbanized area.

10. World's largest cities The question of determining the world's largest cities does not allow a single, simple answer. It depends on which definitions of "city" and "size" are used, and how those definitions are applied. The "size" of a city can refer to either its land area or, more typically, its population.The borders of a city can be defined several ways:

11. Administrative "City" as strictly defined by a given government (city proper). Typically based on a municipality or equivalent entity, or sometimes a group of municipalities under a regional government.

16. Morphological "City" defined as a physically contiguous urban area, without regard to territorial or other boundaries. The delineation is usually done using some type of urban density, such as population density or density of buildings. Satellite and/or aerial maps may be used. For statistical convenience, such areas are sometimes adjusted to appropriate administrative boundaries, yielding an agglomeration.

18. The High Desert The Valley San Gabriel Valley The East Side LA South Central The South Bay Orange County

21. Functional "City" as defined by the habits of its demographic population, as by metropolitan area, labor market area, or similar. Such definitions are usually based on commuting between home and work. Commuter flow thresholds into the core urban area are established by the national census authority, determining which areas are included.

24. Metropolitan statistical area (MSA) 1. A central city with a population of at least 50,0002. its county (within which the city is located)

25. 3. Adjacent counties in which at least 15 percent of the residents work in the central city’s county

26. 369 MSAs

27. The United States Census Bureau has designated the five county region as the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside combined statistical area, with a July 1, 2006 population estimate of 17,776,000.

28. The United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has defined 125 Combined Statistical Areas (CSAs) for the United States of America. The OMB defines a Combined Statistical Area as an aggregate of adjacent MSAs that are linked by commuting ties. The Combined Statistical Area is the most expansive of the metropolitan area concepts.

31. If we are just looking at the population that resides within the political boundaries of a city, the 10 largest cities in the US in 2000 were (with percent change since 1990):1 New York city NY 8,008,278 9.4 2 Los Angeles city CA 3,694,820 6.03 Chicago city IL 2,896,016 4.04 Houston city TX 1,953,631 19.85 Philadelphia city PA 1,517,550 -4.3 Philadelphia city is coextensive with Philadelphia County. 6 Phoenix city AZ 1,321,045 983,403 34.37 San Diego city CA 1,223,400 10.28 Dallas city TX 1,188,580 18.09 San Antonio city TX 1,144,646 22.310 Detroit city MI 951,270 -7.5

32. The Greater Los Angeles Area, or the Southland, is the agglomeration of urbanized area around the county of Los Angeles. Greater Los Angeles includes the Los Angeles metropolitan area, the Inland Empire, and the Oxnard–Thousand Oaks–Ventura area.

33. San Diego and Imperial counties, while a part of Southern California, are not included in this agglomeration.

34. Megalopolis: large metropolitan areas so close together that they form one continuous urban complex

35. America’s Megapolitan Regions These ten megapolitan regions account for almost 70% of the U.S. population in less than 20% of the land area.

38. Japan’s “Tokaido Megalopolis,” named for the old Tokaido Road running from Yedo (Tokyo) through Osaka and southwest to Nagasaki, includes some of the country’s largest cities (like Kyoto, the historic capital of the country). The megalopolis contains more than 50 million people and accounts for more than 80 percent of Japan’s total GDP.

42. Handout

44. Why do many people living in huge cities feel lonely and isolated?

45. Higher social heterogeneity in urban settlements means that you may feel lonely and isolated in a crowd.

46. Why is it argued that people in rural setltements have less freedom?

47. Socially heterogeneous people: variety of people. Can be unique

48. How is a teenager’s life in a small Nebraska town different from a teenager living in San Gabriel Valley?

49. How have distinctions between urban and rural residents been blurred in the developed world?

50. Living in a large urban area Positive Negative