Chapter 3 Data and Knowledge Management

1. Chapter 3Data and Knowledge Management Information Systems Today Why IS Matters Leonard Jessup Joseph Valacich

2. What is a collection of stored related data that is organized to facilitate searches? • MySQL • Database technology • DBMS • Entities • Knowledge management systems • Knowledge assets

3. What is a collection of stored related data that is organized to facilitate searches? • MySQL • Database technology • DBMS • Entities • Knowledge management systems • Knowledge assets Database technology is vital to an organization’s success today, as information is now collected to make the organization more productive and competitive

4. What are the software applications that help you create, store, organize, and retrieve data from one or more databases? • Libraries • Attributes • Database management systems • SQL • Data dictionaries

5. What are the software applications that help you create, store, organize, and retrieve data from one or more databases? • Libraries • Attributes • Database management systems • SQL • Data dictionaries DBMSs are used to interact with the data within databases. Examples of these include Microsoft Access, MySQL, and Oracle

6. Which of the following is an accurate description of the parts of a database? • Entities are tables, rows are classes, and columns are attributes. • Entities are records and columns are attributes. • Entities are tables, rows are records, and columns are fields. • Each record typically consists of a single attribute. • A record is a collection of tables related to a single entity.

7. Which of the following is an accurate description of the parts of a database? • Entities are tables, rows are classes, and columns are attributes. • Entities are records and columns are attributes. • Entities are tables, rows are records, and columns are fields. • Each record typically consists of a single attribute. • A record is a collection of tables related to a single entity. In the DBMS, the individual database is a collection of related attributes about entities. The entity is the table, the rows are considered records, and the columns are attributes or fields. Each record will usually have many attributes, or individual pieces of information

8. The ______ is responsible for the development and management of an organization’s database. • MBA • QBE • DBS • DBA • SQL

9. The ______ is responsible for the development and management of an organization’s database. • MBA • QBE • DBS • DBA • SQL The DBA works with systems analysts and programmers to design and implement the database and with the users and management to establish policies. The DBA should also implement security features

10. Instead of requiring the user to write code, many DBMS packages employ a simpler way to interface with the database called ______. • SQL • GUI • ERD • KEY • QBE

11. Instead of requiring the user to write code, many DBMS packages employ a simpler way to interface with the database called ______. • SQL • GUI • ERD • KEY • QBE Query by example allows the user to fill out templates in order to construct a sample or description of the data that they would like to access

12. What do we call data that is compiled from a database, organized, and produced in written format on paper? • Forms • GUIs • ERDs • Reports • OLAP

13. What do we call data that is compiled from a database, organized, and produced in written format on paper? • Forms • GUIs • ERDs • Reports • OLAP These compilations are reports, and are typically produced on paper, but may be presented to users on-screen. Report generators retrieve the data and manipulate and display it in a useful format

14. What is the unique identifier used in designing a database called? • A primary key • A secondary key • A foreign key • A data model • An ERD

15. What is the unique identifier used in designing a database called? • A primary key • A secondary key • A foreign key • A data model • An ERD A primary key is used to help store and retrieve data accurately, and is based on one or more attributes What do these other choices do? Discuss them with your neighbor

16. What is an attribute called if it is a primary key in one table and a nonprimary key in a second table? • Combination primary key • Secondary key • Foreign key • ERD • Many-to-many

17. What is an attribute called if it is a primary key in one table and a nonprimary key in a second table? • Combination primary key • Secondary key • Foreign key • ERD • Many-to-Many A foreign key refers to an attribute that appears as a nonprimary key in one entity, and a primary key attribute in another. This shared attribute allows the entities to be associated or linked together in a one-to-one relationship

18. Every student takes many classes, and each class has many students is an example of what? • ERDs • Data models • One-to-one relationships • One-to-many relationships • Many-to-many relationships

19. Every student takes many classes, and each class has many students is an example of what? • ERDs • Data models • One-to-one relationships • One-to-many relationships • Many-to-many relationships This is an example of a many-to-many relationship Think of some examples of one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many relationships. Compare them with your neighbor’s examples

20. Which database model is three-dimensional? • The relational model • The “flat-file” model • The network model • The hierarchical model • All of the above.

21. Which database model is three-dimensional? • The relational model • The “flat-file” model • The network model • The hierarchical model • All of the above. The relational model has rows and columns (two dimen- sions), and can contain a row of data in common with another file (the third dimension) Discuss the characteristics of these other database models with your classmates

22. Elimination of data redundancy is a major goal of _________. • ERDs • normalization • RDBMS • one-to-one relationships • associations

23. Elimination of data redundancy is a major goal of _________. • ERDs • normalization • RDBMS • one-to-one relationships • associations Data normalization techniques are employed to make complex databases more efficient and easier to handle by removing redundant data

24. What are included in the data dictionary to prevent illegal or illogical entries into the database? • Data types • Attributes • Data rules • Business rules • Key types

25. What are included in the data dictionary to prevent illegal or illogical entries into the database? • Data types • Attributes • Data rules • Business rules • Key types Business rules, such as who has the authority to update data entries are included in, and enforced by, the data dictionary

26. The success of a commercial Internet Web site depends on the organization’s use of: • links between sites on the Web. • management of its offline data. • data movement on the Web. • data that it collects, stores, and manipulates. • business rules.

27. The success of a commercial Internet Web site depends on the organization’s use of: • links between sites on the Web. • management of its offline data. • data movement on the Web. • data that it collects, stores, and manipulates. • business rules. The Internet has resulted in the collection of an enormous amount of both customer and transactional data. This information is a significant factor influencing the success of a Web site

28. Data mining tools allow the users to engage in what activities? • Graphically drill down from summary data • Sort data based on specific conditions • Perform statistical analyses • Analyze variances • All of the above.

29. Data mining tools allow the users to engage in what activities? • Graphically drill down from summary data • Sort data based on specific conditions • Perform statistical analyses • Analyze variances • All of the above. Data mining is used by organizations to sort and analyze information to gain a better understanding of customers, products, and markets

30. What are graphical software tools that provide complex analysis of database data called? • OLTP • OLAP • Data miners • TAP • GUIs

31. What are graphical software tools that provide complex analysis of database data called? • OLTP • OLAP • Data miners • TAP • GUIs The OLAP server understands how data is organized and has special functions for analyzing different dimensions of collected data, going far beyond the data summary and aggregations of normal databases

32. What systems are used by managers and analysts to get a historical snapshot of collected data? • Operational systems • Transaction systems • Information systems • ERPs • E-mail systems

33. What systems are used by managers and analysts to get a historical snapshot of collected data? • Operational systems • Transaction systems • Information systems • ERPs • E-mail systems Informational systems are used to support management and analysts making business decisions based on stable point-in-time data. They are easy to access and use for broad queries and analyses

34. What is the term for repositories that consist of multiple integrated large databases and other information? • Data warehouses • Data marts • Operational systems • ERP systems • Knowledge systems

35. What is the term for repositories that consist of multiple integrated large databases and other information? • Data warehouses • Data marts • Operational systems • ERP systems • Knowledge systems Data warehouses store and distribute data on computer-based information systems, allowing for online analysis of business data and assisting management in key decision making

36. ______ are the underlying skills, routines, practices, principles, formulas, methods, heuristics, and intuitions in an organization. • Explicit knowledge • Data warehouses • Data marts • Knowledge assets • Best practices

37. ______ are the underlying skills, routines, practices, principles, formulas, methods, heuristics, and intuitions in an organization. • Explicit knowledge • Data warehouses • Data marts • Knowledge assets • Best practices Databases, manuals, reference works, proposals, computer files, textbooks, plans, and artifacts are all considered to be knowledge assets

38. What is the term for the procedures and practices that are accepted as being most effective and efficient? • Knowledge assets • Knowledge management • Best practices • Data mart • Technology assets

39. What is the term for the procedures and practices that are accepted as being most effective and efficient? • Knowledge assets • Knowledge management • Best practices • Data mart • Technology assets Tacit knowledge assets often reflect an organization’s or industry’s best practices Can you think of an example of a best practice? Discuss this with your neighbor

40. The benefits of a knowledge management system include all of the following except: • enhanced innovation. • improved customer service. • enhanced employee retention. • dealing with knowledge overload. • improved organizational performance.

41. The benefits of a knowledge management system include all of the following except: • enhanced innovation. • improved customer service. • enhanced employee retention. • dealing with knowledge overload. • improved organizational performance. Additional benefits include enhanced creativity, shorter product development, and streamlined operations. Dealing with knowledge overload and obsolescence, getting employee but-in, focusing too much on technology, and forgetting the goal are some of the challenges