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Mobile Telephony

Dr T.H. Chowdary * Director, Center for Telecom Management & Studies * Chairman, Pragna Bharati (Intellect India), AP * Former Information Technology Adviser , Government of A.P Chairman & Managing Director Videsh Sanchar Nigam Ltd., Bombay T: +91 (40) 6667-1191(O) 2784-3121(R)

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Mobile Telephony

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  1. Dr T.H. Chowdary * Director, Center for Telecom Management & Studies * Chairman, Pragna Bharati (Intellect India), AP * Former Information Technology Adviser, Government of A.P Chairman & Managing Director Videsh Sanchar Nigam Ltd., Bombay T: +91 (40) 6667-1191(O) 2784-3121(R) F: +91 (40) 6667-1111 (O) hanuman.chowdary@tcs.com Talk @ Narayanamma Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, 27th June 2009 Mobile Telephony

  2. THC_CTMS_ June 2009 Mobile Telephony • Invented in Bell Labs in the 1980s • NMT-400, NMT-960 • AMPS – Advanced Mobile Phone Service ( to distinguish from walkie -talkie) • UK had a different system – TACS • GSM, EDGE,3G,4G • Mobile Data-WIFI, WIMAX

  3. THC_CTMS_ June 2009 Crucial Elements • Radio Spectrum • Allocation of channel to a talker • Slicing up area into cells • Each cell to have a set of channels • Number depending upon talker density in the cell • As density increases, cell size decreases & vice versa • As mobile, moves from cell to cell, user must be “handed over” from one cell to next – computers do this by measuring signal strength. • Encoding & Compression to squeeze more channels into a given spectrum.

  4. THC_CTMS_ June 2009 GSM & CDMA • TDMA for GSM • Code division multiple access • CDMA is more spectrum efficient i.e more channels in a given b/w • India has both in use • Some companies ( eg. Reliance) has both the systems in the same territory

  5. THC_CTMS_ June 2009 Cell Phones • Becoming smaller, lighter, long-lasting batteries, multi-functional (camera, radio, picture, Internet connecting, data & mail carrying ) multi-mode (GSM /CDMA ) multi-band! • Prices falling & ($ 2000 in 1980s to $ 500 in 1992) • Falling from Rs. 10/12 k in 1995 to Rs. 800 in Y 2009 • fancy models Rs. 45k

  6. THC_CTMS_ June 2009 Why so fast growing (a) Affordability A X TSP PCI Time • A PCI/ Tele-Service Price • PCI: Per Capita Income • TSP: Telephone Service Price • A: Affordability

  7. Affordability of Telephone Affordability PCI Tel. Svce.Price S376_Feb'08

  8. THC_CTMS_ June 2009 How many • World Population : 650 cr • (Land) phones : 150 cr • Cell phones : 350 cr • China – 700; India-400; USA- 275 (mln) • Many countries in EU, Japan, HK, Singapore have 120 to 190 phones for 100 people • Prepaid > Post paid • No names, but numbers!

  9. THC_CTMS_ June 2009 INMARSAT • Mobile services to ships, aircraft, deserts, marshes polar regions, forests

  10. THC_CTMS_ June 2009 New Technologies • WIFi • WIMAX • Spectrum – dehoarding from Defence services • Number Portability • 3G, 4G...

  11. THC_CTMS_ June 2009 Affordability • Adversely affected by • Licence fees; Revenue Shares; Spectrum Auctions; Service Tax • Reduce or put them to use to extend network • Put Internet in all schools,colleges, libraries, hospitals and R&D to create Intellectual Property(IP) by Indians, for India in India. • Infrastructure sharing – BTS towers • Virtual Network Service Provides - Virgin Mobile

  12. THC_CTMS_ June 2009 Cell-Phone or Hell PhoneEtiquette • Don't use in lifts, waiting rooms, buses, planes, trains, class-rooms, auditoria. • Don't walk while talking, move to a corner. • Don't speak loud • Don't gesticulate

  13. THC_CTMS_ June 2009 Realising the Vision (1/2) • We will produce electricity so cheap that only the rich can afford to burn candles • – Thomas Alva Edison • We will make telephony cheaper than post-card. • -Dhirubhai Ambani • Haath Haath mein telephone • Gaon Gaon mein Internet • - Dr T.H.Chowdary

  14. THC_CTMS_ June 2009 Realising the Vision (2/2) • Numbers, not names • Communicate for work; Commute for pleasure • Death of Distance • Postalisation of tariffs

  15. THC_CTMS_ June 2009 Dhanyawad:Thank YouAny Questions?

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