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Ozone Programmes under the Multilateral Fund (MLF)

Ozone Programmes under the Multilateral Fund (MLF). M. Surkov MPU/Chemicals. Ozone hole:. Reference: www.nasa.org ; www.unep.org. Effects of ozone depletion:. Increased UV radiation is a cancer factor (skin cancer, eye cataracts)

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Ozone Programmes under the Multilateral Fund (MLF)

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  1. Ozone Programmesunder the Multilateral Fund (MLF) M. Surkov MPU/Chemicals

  2. Ozone hole: Reference: www.nasa.org; www.unep.org

  3. Effects of ozone depletion: • Increased UV radiation is a cancer factor (skin cancer, eye cataracts) • Microscopic life in the surface ocean is susceptible to UV rays, therefore, with increased exposure the food chain is impacted • Crop effects: disintegrating bacteria responsible for nitrogen uptake

  4. Chemicals responsible: • Chlouroflourocarbons (CFCs) • Halons • Carbon tetrachloride, methyl chloroform • Methyl bromide (MBr) • Non-corrosive, non-flammable, performance • Substances find various applications in industries: cooling agents, propellants, fire retardants, solvents, foam-blowing agents, pesticides (MBr)

  5. CFCs phase-out schedules: References: Handbook on the Montreal protocol (seventh edition), UNEP, 2006

  6. UNDP/Montreal Protocol Unit/Chemicals • UNDP was designated by the MLF to work on ozone programmes along with WB, UNEP, and UNIDO • UNDP concentrated its efforts on a diverse set of programmes: investment components (converting production lines/end-user sectors), solvents, foam blowing sectors, fire extinguishing, methyl bromide applications in agriculture • Up to 2007: around US$ 0.5 bln allocated • More than 1,800 different projects since the inception of the programme

  7. Projects in Europe/CIS • GEF supported: • 9 countries with around US$ 23 mln • MLF supported: - 3 countries with around US$ 2 mln

  8. Future of the Montreal Protocol • According to phase-out schedules the use of basic CFCs should be close to ZERO on January 1, 2010. • A few remaining substances: methyl bromide and methyl chloroform will be phased out after the end of 2014 • Essential CFC uses for MDIs • And HCFCs will be phased-out in: References: Handbook on the Montreal protocol (seventh edition), UNEP, 2006

  9. HCFCs phase-out schedules: References: Handbook on the Montreal protocol (seventh edition), UNEP, 2006

  10. Current and possible future work with the MLF: • Phase-out of HCFCs • November’06, India: at 51st Meeting of ExCom a “green-light” was given to work on CFC-based metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) • Destruction of accumulated ODS wastes (pending to the result of a research started)

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