Bell work: Define mineral. What are some characteristics used to identify minerals?

1. Bell work: • Define mineral. • What are some characteristics used to identify minerals? • What ARE the most dominant elements on Earth? • WHAT IS A SILICON OXYGEN TETRAHEDRON? • Today: Notes, mineral tests, Lab

3. Mineral Identification Vocabulary Geology Chapter2 Minerals

4. MINERAL ID • Method used to identify an unknown mineral. • Process of elimination based on physical properties.

5. Appearance • what a mineral looks like (color, shape, size) • NOT A VERY RELIABLE TEST

6. Hardness • a measure of how easily a mineral scratchesT • Mohs scale of mineral hardness is based on the ability of one natural sample of matter to scratch another. The samples of matter used by Mohs are all minerals. Minerals are pure substances found in nature.

7. Mohs Scale of Hardness • a scale comparing the hardness of 10 common minerals. • Has values of 1-10

8. MOHS

9. FIELD HARDNESS TEST • 2.5 Fingernail We all have 10 of these to wear out before taking off our shoes. • 3.5 Penny Sometimes all we have left. • 4.5 Knife The hardness of a blade can vary wildly depending on the quality of your knife. Check yours before going into the field so you'll know. • 5.5 Glass There's usually a chunk of glass available. • 7 Quartz A piece of quartz can be found almost everywhere

10. Luster • the way a mineral reflects light • Contents

11. Common terms - Luster • Metallic luster – looks like metal • Sub metallic luster – kind of metallic • Vitreous luster – glass like • Resinous luster – like its covered in plastic • Pearly luster – like a pearl • Greasy luster – Looks greasy • Adamantine luster - brilliant • Dull luster – Dull , not shiny • Silky luster – like silk • Waxy luster – looks waxy • EARTHY – looks like unglazed pottery

12. Metallic • shines like metal

13. 2. Non-metallic • Non-metallic luster contains 7 different lusters. They are:

14. a.Vitreous • appears to shine like glass

15. b. Resinous • appears to be covered in resin(plastic)

16. c. Pearly • having the irridescent appearance of a pearl

17. d. Greasy • looks like it is covered in thin grease

18. e.Earthy • Looks like unglazed pottery

19. f. Silky • Having the appearance of silk

20. e. Adamantine • having the brilliant shine like a diamond

22. Streak • The color of a mineral in powder form. The streak test is done on a streak plate. • The mineral must be softer than the streak plate to leave a streak

23. Cleavage • a break along a smooth flat surface

24. Fracture • a break with an uneven, rough, or jagged surface

25. Specific Gravity • Density is expressed as specific gravity • Density is the ratio of a mass of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of water.

26. Crystal Form • A set of faces that have a definite geometric relationship to one another

27. Other Properties • Special properties that not all minerals have

28. 1a.Flourescence • The ability to glow under ultraviolet light.

29. 1b.Phosphorescence • The ability to re-emit light wenergy well after the light energy is removed. • IE – glows after the light has been removed.

30. 2. Double refraction • When passing through a material the light is split and creates two images

31. 3.Magnetism • Magnetite

32. 4. X Ray and Chemical Tests • X rays • Reactivity to acid • Polarized filters